Virus-to-prokaryote ratio in the Salar de Huasco and different ecosystems of the Southern hemisphere and its relationship with physicochemical and biological parameters.

Autor:	Eissler Y; Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile., Castillo-Reyes A; Escuela de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile., Dorador C; Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Antofagasta, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.; Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Cornejo-D'Ottone M; Escuela de Ciencias del Mar e Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile., Celis-Plá PSM; Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar, Chile.; HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile., Aguilar P; HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile., Molina V; HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.; Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.; Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in microbiology [Front Microbiol] 2022 Aug 18; Vol. 13, pp. 938066. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 18 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2022.938066
Abstrakt:	The virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR) has been used in many ecosystems to study the relationship between viruses and their hosts. While high VPR values indicate a high rate of prokaryotes' cell lysis, low values are interpreted as a decrease in or absence of viral activity. Salar de Huasco is a high-altitude wetland characterized by a rich microbial diversity associated with aquatic sites like springs, ponds, streams and a lagoon with variable physicochemical conditions. Samples from two ponds, Poza Rosada (PR) and Poza Verde (PV), were analyzed by epifluorescence microscopy to determine variability of viral and prokaryotic abundance and to calculate the VPR in a dry season. In addition, to put Salar de Huasco results into perspective, a compilation of research articles on viral and prokaryotic abundance, VPR, and metadata from various Southern hemisphere ecosystems was revised. The ecosystems were grouped into six categories: high-altitude wetlands, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Southern Oceans and Antarctic lakes. Salar de Huasco ponds recorded similar VPR values (an average of 7.4 and 1.7 at PR and PV, respectively), ranging from 3.22 to 15.99 in PR. The VPR variability was associated with VA and chlorophyll a , when considering all data available for this ecosystem. In general, high-altitude wetlands recorded the highest VPR average (53.22 ± 95.09), followed by the Oceans, Southern (21.91 ± 25.72), Atlantic (19.57 ± 15.77) and Indian (13.43 ± 16.12), then Antarctic lakes (11.37 ± 15.82) and the Pacific Ocean (6.34 ± 3.79). Physicochemical variables, i.e., temperature, conductivity, nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate) and chlorophyll a as a biological variable, were found to drive the VPR in the ecosystems analyzed. Thus, the viral activity in the Wetland followed similar trends of previous reports based on larger sets of metadata analyses. In total, this study highlights the importance of including viruses as a biological variable to study microbial temporal dynamics in wetlands considering their crucial role in the carbon budgets of these understudied ecosystems in the southern hemisphere. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Eissler, Castillo-Reyes, Dorador, Cornejo-D'Ottone, Celis-Plá, Aguilar and Molina.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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