Cognitive Functioning of Unaffected First-degree Relatives of Individuals With Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis.

Autor: Ramos AA; Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. arialex.r@gmail.com.; Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand. arialex.r@gmail.com.; Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, CEP 80.215-901, Brazil. arialex.r@gmail.com., Galiano-Castillo N; Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences Faculty, 'Cuidate' from Biomedical Group (BIO277), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), and Sport and Health Research Center (IMUDs), Granada, Spain, University of Granada, Granada, Spain., Machado L; Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Neuropsychology review [Neuropsychol Rev] 2023 Dec; Vol. 33 (4), pp. 659-674. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 03.
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09555-2
Abstrakt: First-degree relatives of individuals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are at increased risk for developing dementia, yet the associations between family history of LOAD and cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. In this quantitative review, we provide the first meta-analysis on the cognitive profile of unaffected first-degree blood relatives of LOAD-affected individuals compared to controls without a family history of LOAD. A systematic literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed /MEDLINE, and Scopus. We fitted a three-level structural equation modeling meta-analysis to control for non-independent effect sizes. Heterogeneity and risk of publication bias were also investigated. Thirty-four studies enabled us to estimate 218 effect sizes across several cognitive domains. Overall, first-degree relatives (n = 4,086, mean age = 57.40, SD = 4.71) showed significantly inferior cognitive performance (Hedges' g = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.25 to -0.08; p < .001) compared to controls (n = 2,388, mean age = 58.43, SD = 5.69). Specifically, controls outperformed first-degree relatives in language, visuospatial and verbal long-term memory, executive functions, verbal short-term memory, and verbal IQ. Among the first-degree relatives, APOE ɛ4 carriership was associated with more significant dysfunction in cognition (g = -0.24; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.11; p < .001) compared to non-carriers (g = -0.14; 95% CI, -0.28 to -0.01; p = .04). Cognitive test type was significantly associated with between-group differences, accounting for 65% (R 2 3  = .6499) of the effect size heterogeneity in the fitted regression model. No evidence of publication bias was found. The current findings provide support for mild but robust cognitive dysfunction in first-degree relatives of LOAD-affected individuals that appears to be moderated by cognitive domain, cognitive test type, and APOE ɛ4.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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