Changes in rates of psychiatric beds and prison populations in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2020.

Autor:	Mundt AP; Medical Faculty, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.; Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile., Langerfeldt SD; Medical Faculty, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile., Maphisa JM; Department of Psychology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Sourabié O; Psychiatrist, Regional Center Hospital of Fada N'gourma, Fada N'gourma, Burkina Faso., Yongsi BN; Institute for Training & Research in Population Studies, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Serri ER; Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Bukasa Tshilonda JC; Higher Institute of Medical Techniques Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi, Democratic Republic of Congo., Te JH; West African Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (WENDU), Bissau, Guinea-Bissau., Bitta MA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.; KEMRI-Welcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya., Mathe L; The National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Liwimbi O; Zomba Mental Hospital, Ministry of Health, Zomba, Malawi., Dos Santos PF; Ministry of Health, Mental Health Department, Maputo, Mozambique., Atilola O; Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Lagos, Nigeria., Jansen S; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda., Diegane Tine JA; Institute of Health and Development, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal., Akran C; Statistics Sierra Leone, Tower Hill, Freetown, Sierra Leone., Jalloh A; Sierra Leone Psychiatric Teaching Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.; College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone., Kagee A; Alan Fisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town.; Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa., Van Wyk ES; Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa., Forry JB; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.; Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala, International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.; Department of Psychiatry, Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, Mubende, Uganda., Imasiku ML; Department of Psychiatry, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia., Chigiji H; Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency, Harare, Zimbabwe., Priebe S; Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of global health [J Glob Health] 2022 Sep 03; Vol. 12, pp. 04054. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 03.
DOI:	10.7189/jogh.12.04054
Abstrakt:	Background: Psychiatric bed numbers (general, forensic, and residential) and prison populations have been considered indicators of institutionalization. The present study aimed to assess changes of those indicators across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1990 to 2020. Methods: We retrospectively obtained data on psychiatric bed numbers and prison populations from 46 countries in SSA between 1990 and 2020. Mean and median rates, as well as percentage changes between first and last data points were calculated for all of SSA and for groups of countries based on income levels. Results: Primary data were retrieved from 17 out of 48 countries. Data from secondary sources were used for 29 countries. From two countries, data were unavailable. The median rate of psychiatric beds decreased from 3.0 to 2.2 per 100 000 population (median percentage change = -16.1%) between 1990 and 2020. Beds in forensic and residential facilities were nonexistent in most countries of SSA in 2020, and no trend for building those capacities was detected. The median prison population rate also decreased from 77.8 to 71.0 per 100 000 population (-7.8%). There were lower rates of psychiatric beds and prison populations in low-income and lower-middle income countries compared with upper-middle income countries. Conclusions: SSA countries showed, on average, a reduction of psychiatric bed rates from already very low levels, which may correspond to a crisis in acute psychiatric care. Psychiatric bed rates were, on average, about one twenty-fifth of countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), while prison population rates were similar. The heterogeneity of trends among SSA countries over the last three decades indicates that developments in the region may not have been based on coordinated policies and reflects unique circumstances faced by the individual countries. Competing Interests: Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests. (Copyright © 2022 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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