Are we overlooking alcohol use by younger children?

Autor:	Skylstad V; Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Vilde.skylstad@uib.no., Babirye JN; School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda., Kiguli J; School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda., Skar AS; Global Health Cluster, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.; Section for Implementation and Treatment Research, Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway., Kühl MJ; Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway., Nalugya JS; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.; Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda., Engebretsen IMS; Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	BMJ paediatrics open [BMJ Paediatr Open] 2022 Mar; Vol. 6 (1).
DOI:	10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001242
Abstrakt:	Alcohol use is a leading contributor to the burden of disease among youth. Early-onset use is associated with later life dependency, ill health and poor social functioning. Yet, research on and treatment opportunities for alcohol use among younger children are scarce. Despite knowledge that alcohol intake occurs in childhood, and the fact that children understand alcohol related norms and develop alcohol expectancies from age 4, younger children are rarely included in studies on alcohol use.Patterns of early alcohol use vary greatly across the globe and are part of complex interplays between sociocultural, economic and health-related factors. Family influence has proven important, but genetic factors do not seem to play a crucial role at this age. Stressful circumstances, including mental health problems and sociocultural factors can entice alcohol use to cope with difficult situations. The World Health Organization has developed guidelines for effective strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol, including preventative and treatment interventions, but important gaps in implementation remain. An increased focus on research, policy and implementation strategies related to early alcohol use is warranted, granted its wide-ranging implications for public health and social functioning. In this summary of literature on alcohol use among younger children and adolescents, we show that younger children (aged 10 and younger) tend to be systematically overlooked. However, research, interventions and policy implementation strategies need to include younger children to mitigate the global burden of harmful alcohol use more effectively. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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