Prevalence and 24-month recovery of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: A multicentre prospective study.

Autor: Lechien JR; Department of Otolaryngology, Polyclinic of Poitiers-Elsan, Poitiers, France.; Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium., Vaira LA; Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.; Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy., Saussez S; Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of internal medicine [J Intern Med] 2023 Jan; Vol. 293 (1), pp. 82-90. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 01.
DOI: 10.1111/joim.13564
Abstrakt: Objective: To investigate the prevalence and recovery of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in COVID-19 patients 24 months after the infection.
Methods: From 22 March 2020 to 5 June 2022, 251 COVID-19 patients were followed in three European medical centres. Olfactory function was assessed with subjective patient-reported outcome questionnaires and odour identification tests at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postinfection. The predictive values of epidemiological and clinical data were investigated with multivariate analysis.
Results: One hundred and seventy-one patients completed the evaluations. The odour identification test revealed that 123 patients (50.8%) had OD at baseline. The prevalence of persistent psychophysical abnormalities at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-COVID-19 was 24.2%, 17.9%, 5.8% and 2.9%, respectively (p = 0.001). Parosmia occurred in 40 patients (23.4%) and lasted 60 ± 119 days. At 2 years, 51 patients (29.8%) self reported that their olfaction was unnormalised. Older patients had better odour identification evaluations at baseline (p < 0.001) but those with OD reported lower odour identification test scores at the end of the follow-up. Parosmia occurred more frequently in young patients. The olfactory training was significantly associated with higher values of Sniffin' Sticks tests at 18 months postinfection (r s = 0.678; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Two years post-COVID-19, 29.8% of patients reported persistent OD, but only 2.9% had abnormal identification psychophysical evaluations.
(© 2022 The Association for the Publication of the Journal of Internal Medicine.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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