Comparative genomics uncovers the evolutionary history, demography, and molecular adaptations of South American canids.

Autor:	Chavez DE; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.; Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287., Gronau I; Efi Arazi School of Computer Science, Reichman University, Herzliya 46150, Israel., Hains T; Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637., Dikow RB; Data Science Lab, Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560., Frandsen PB; Data Science Lab, Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560.; Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602., Figueiró HV; Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630.; School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil., Garcez FS; School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil., Tchaicka L; Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luis, 2016-8100, Brazil., de Paula RC; Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, 12952-011, Atibaia, Brazil., Rodrigues FHG; Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil., Jorge RSP; Centro Nacional de Avaliação da Biodiversidade e de Pesquisa e Conservação do Cerrado, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasilia, 70670-350, Brazil., Lima ES; Private address, Nova Xavantina, MT, 78690-000, Brazil., Songsasen N; Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630., Johnson WE; Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630., Eizirik E; School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.; Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, 12945-010, Brazil.; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Ecologia Evolução Conservação da Biodiverside, Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiânia, 74690-900, Brazil., Koepfli KP; Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630.; Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, George Mason University, Front Royal, VA 22630., Wayne RK; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2022 Aug 23; Vol. 119 (34), pp. e2205986119. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 15.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2205986119
Abstrakt:	The remarkable radiation of South American (SA) canids produced 10 extant species distributed across diverse habitats, including disparate forms such as the short-legged, hypercarnivorous bush dog and the long-legged, largely frugivorous maned wolf. Despite considerable research spanning nearly two centuries, many aspects of their evolutionary history remain unknown. Here, we analyzed 31 whole genomes encompassing all extant SA canid species to assess phylogenetic relationships, interspecific hybridization, historical demography, current genetic diversity, and the molecular bases of adaptations in the bush dog and maned wolf. We found that SA canids originated from a single ancestor that colonized South America 3.9 to 3.5 Mya, followed by diversification east of the Andes and then a single colonization event and radiation of Lycalopex species west of the Andes. We detected extensive historical gene flow between recently diverged lineages and observed distinct patterns of genomic diversity and demographic history in SA canids, likely induced by past climatic cycles compounded by human-induced population declines. Genome-wide scans of selection showed that disparate limb proportions in the bush dog and maned wolf may derive from mutations in genes regulating chondrocyte proliferation and enlargement. Further, frugivory in the maned wolf may have been enabled by variants in genes associated with energy intake from short-chain fatty acids. In contrast, unique genetic variants detected in the bush dog may underlie interdigital webbing and dental adaptations for hypercarnivory. Our analyses shed light on the evolution of a unique carnivoran radiation and how it was shaped by South American topography and climate change.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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