Neutrophil and Eosinophil Responses Remain Abnormal for Several Months in Primary Care Patients With COVID-19 Disease.

Autor:	Jukema BN; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands., Smit K; Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands., Hopman MTE; Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands., Bongers CCWG; Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands., Pelgrim TC; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands., Rijk MH; Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands., Platteel TN; Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands., Venekamp RP; Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands., Zwart DLM; Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands., Rutten FH; Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands., Koenderman L; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in allergy [Front Allergy] 2022 Jul 27; Vol. 3, pp. 942699. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 27 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/falgy.2022.942699
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Neutrophil and eosinophil activation and its relation to disease severity has been understudied in primary care patients with COVID-19. In this study, we investigated whether the neutrophil and eosinophil compartment were affected in primary care patients with COVID-19. Methods: COVID-19 patients, aged ≥ 40 years with cardiovascular comorbidity presenting to the general practitioner with substantial symptoms, partaking in the COVIDSat@Home study between January and April 2021, were included. Blood was drawn during and 3 to 6 months after active COVID-19 disease and analyzed by automated flow cytometry, before and after stimulation with a formyl-peptide (fNLF). Mature neutrophil and eosinophil markers at both time points were compared to healthy controls. A questionnaire was conducted on disease symptoms during and 3 to 6 months after COVID-19 disease. Results: The blood of 18 COVID-19 patients and 34 healthy controls was analyzed. During active COVID-19 disease, neutrophils showed reduced CD10 ( p = 0.0360), increased CD11b ( p = 0.0002) and decreased CD62L expression ( p < 0.0001) compared to healthy controls. During active COVID-19 disease, fNLF stimulated neutrophils showed decreased CD10 levels ( p < 0.0001). Three to six months after COVID-19 disease, unstimulated neutrophils showed lowered CD62L expression ( p = 0.0003) and stimulated neutrophils had decreased CD10 expression ( p = 0.0483) compared to healthy controls. Both (un)stimulated CD10 levels increased 3 to 6 months after active disease ( p = 0.0120 and p < 0.0001, respectively) compared to during active disease. Eosinophil blood counts were reduced during active COVID-19 disease and increased 3 to 6 months after infection ( p < 0.0001). During active COVID-19, eosinophils showed increased unstimulated CD11b ( p = 0.0139) and decreased (un)stimulated CD62L expression ( p = 0.0036 and p = 0.0156, respectively) compared to healthy controls. Three to six months after COVID-19 disease, (un)stimulated eosinophil CD62L expression was decreased ( p = 0.0148 and p = 0.0063, respectively) and the percentage of CD11b bright cells was increased ( p = 0.0083 and p = 0.0307, respectively) compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Automated flow cytometry analysis reveals specific mature neutrophil and eosinophil activation patterns in primary care patients with COVID-19 disease, during and 3 to 6 months after active disease. This suggests that the neutrophil and eosinophil compartment are long-term affected by COVID-19 in primary care patients. This indicates that these compartments may be involved in the pathogenesis of long COVID. Competing Interests: The AQUIOS CL® “Load & Go” flow cytometer is provided by the company Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Miami, FL, USA. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Jukema, Smit, Hopman, Bongers, Pelgrim, Rijk, Platteel, Venekamp, Zwart, Rutten and Koenderman.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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