Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients.

Autor: Liang J; Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. albeca.liang@gmail.com., Gamarra JGP; Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy., Picard N; GIP ECOFOR, Paris, France., Zhou M; Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Pijanowski B; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Jacobs DF; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Reich PB; Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Crowther TW; Crowther Lab, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland., Nabuurs GJ; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands., de-Miguel S; Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.; Joint Research Unit CTFC-Agrotecnio-CERCA, Solsona, Spain., Fang J; Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Evironmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China., Woodall CW; Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Durham, NH, USA., Svenning JC; Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.; Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark., Jucker T; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Bastin JF; TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium., Wiser SK; Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand., Slik F; Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam., Hérault B; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France.; INP-HB (Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouet-Boigny), University of Montpellier, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast., Alberti G; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.; Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.; Institute of Bioeconomy, CNR, Sesto, Italy., Keppel G; Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Hengeveld GM; Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.; Wageningen University & Research, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen, Netherlands., Ibisch PL; Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany., Silva CA; School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Ter Steege H; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands., Peri PL; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Santa Cruz, Argentina., Coomes DA; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Searle EB; Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada., von Gadow K; University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.; Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.; University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa., Jaroszewicz B; Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland., Abbasi AO; Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Abegg M; Swiss National Forest Inventory/Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland., Yao YCA; UFR Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast., Aguirre-Gutiérrez J; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands., Zambrano AMA; Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Altman J; Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Trebon, Czech Republic.; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic., Alvarez-Dávila E; Escuela ECAPMA, National Open University and Distance (Colombia) | UNAD, Bogotá, Colombia., Álvarez-González JG; Departamento de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain., Alves LF; Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Amani BHK; Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Ivory Coast., Amani CA; Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo., Ammer C; Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany., Ilondea BA; Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo., Antón-Fernández C; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Forestry and Forest Resources, Ås, Norway., Avitabile V; European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy., Aymard GA; Compensation International Progress S.A., Bogotá, Colombia., Azihou AF; Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin., Baard JA; Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Knysna, South Africa., Baker TR; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK., Balazy R; Department of Geomatics, Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, Raszyn, Poland., Bastian ML; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA., Batumike R; Department of Environment, Universtité du Cinquantenaire de Lwiro, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo., Bauters M; Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Beeckman H; Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium., Benu NMH; Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Manokwari, Indonesia., Bitariho R; Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda., Boeckx P; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Bogaert J; Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium., Bongers F; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands., Bouriaud O; Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava, Suceava, Romania., Brancalion PHS; Department of Forestry Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil., Brandl S; Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Freising, Germany., Brearley FQ; Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK., Briseno-Reyes J; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico., Broadbent EN; School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Bruelheide H; Institute of Biology and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany., Bulte E; Development Economics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands., Catlin AC; Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Cazzolla Gatti R; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., César RG; Department of Forestry Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil., Chen HYH; Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada., Chisholm C; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland., Cienciala E; IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic.; Global Change Research Institute of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic., Colletta GD; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas CEP, Biologia, Brazil., Corral-Rivas JJ; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico., Cuchietti A; Dirección Nacional de Bosques (DNB), Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (MAyDS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Cuni-Sanchez A; Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.; Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK., Dar JA; Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Guntur, India.; Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India.; Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India., Dayanandan S; Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics & Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., de Haulleville T; Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.; Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium., Decuyper M; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands., Delabye S; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic., Derroire G; Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana., DeVries B; Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada., Diisi J; National Forest Authority, Kampala, Uganda., Do TV; Department of Silviculture Foundation, Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam., Dolezal J; Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Trebon, Czech Republic.; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Bohemia, Czech Republic., Dourdain A; Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana., Durrheim GP; Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Knysna, South Africa., Obiang NLE; IPHAMETRA, IRET, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon., Ewango CEN; Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo., Eyre TJ; Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia., Fayle TM; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Feunang LFN; Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Finér L; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Joensuu, Finland., Fischer M; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Fridman J; Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden., Frizzera L; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy., de Gasper AL; Herbário Dr. Roberto Miguel Klein, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil., Gianelle D; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy., Glick HB; Glick Designs, LLC, Hadley, MA, USA., Gonzalez-Elizondo MS; CIIDIR Durango, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Durango, Mexico., Gorenstein L; Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Habonayo R; Département des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi., Hardy OJ; Faculté des Sciences, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium., Harris DJ; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Hector A; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Hemp A; Department of Plant Systematics, Bayreuth University, Bayreuth, Germany., Herold M; Helmholtz GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 1.4 Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Potsdam, Germany., Hillers A; Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Liberia Representation, Monrovia, Liberia.; Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, UK., Hubau W; Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.; Department of Environment, Laboratory for Wood Technology (UGent-Woodlab), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Ibanez T; AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France., Imai N; Department of Forest Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan., Imani G; Biology Department, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo., Jagodzinski AM; Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland.; Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznan, Poland., Janecek S; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic., Johannsen VK; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Joly CA; Plant Biology Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil., Jumbam B; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.; Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Nkolbisson, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaounde, Cameroon., Kabelong BLPR; Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Kahsay GA; Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Karminov V; Forestry Faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russia., Kartawinata K; Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA., Kassi JN; Labo Botanique, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast., Kearsley E; Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Kennard DK; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA., Kepfer-Rojas S; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Khan ML; Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India., Kigomo JN; Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Department of Forest Resource Assessment, Nairobi, Kenya., Kim HS; Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Klauberg C; School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Klomberg Y; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic., Korjus H; Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia., Kothandaraman S; Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India.; Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India., Kraxner F; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria., Kumar A; Department of Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India., Kuswandi R; Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Manokwari, Indonesia., Lang M; Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.; Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tõravere, Estonia., Lawes MJ; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa., Leite RV; Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil., Lentner G; Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Lewis SL; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.; Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK., Libalah MB; Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory (LaBosystE), Higher Teacher's Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Lisingo J; Laboratoire d'Écologie et Aménagement Forestier, Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion des Ressources Végétales, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo., López-Serrano PM; Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico., Lu H; Faculty of Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China., Lukina NV; Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS (CEPF RAS), Moscow, Russia., Lykke AM; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark., Maicher V; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA., Maitner BS; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Marcon E; Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana.; AgroParisTech, UMR AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France., Marshall AR; University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.; University of York, York, UK.; Flamingo Land Ltd., North Yorkshire, UK., Martin EH; Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Tanzania., Martynenko O; Forestry Faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russia., Mbayu FM; Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo., Mbuvi MTE; Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya., Meave JA; Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico., Merow C; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA., Miscicki S; Department of Forest Management and Forest Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., Moreno VS; Department of Forestry Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil., Morera A; Joint Research Unit CTFC-Agrotecnio-CERCA, Solsona, Spain., Mukul SA; Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia., Müller JC; Fieldstation Fabrikschleichach, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.; Bavarian Forest Nationalpark, Grafenau, Germany., Murdjoko A; Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Papua, Jalan Gunung Salju Amban, Manokwari Papua Barat, Indonesia., Nava-Miranda MG; Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico., Ndive LE; Limbe Botanic Garden, Limbe, Cameroon., Neldner VJ; Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia., Nevenic RV; Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia., Nforbelie LN; Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Ngoh ML; Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG), Buea, Cameroon.; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA., N'Guessan AE; UFR Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast., Ngugi MR; Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia., Ngute ASK; Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia.; Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon., Njila ENN; Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Nyako MC; Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Ochuodho TO; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA., Oleksyn J; Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland., Paquette A; UQAM, Centre for Forest Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Parfenova EI; V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute of FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia., Park M; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Parren M; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands., Parthasarathy N; Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India., Pfautsch S; Urban Management and Planning, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Phillips OL; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK., Piedade MTF; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Grupo Ecologia. Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas MAUA, Manaus, Brazil., Piotto D; Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Ilhéus, Brazil., Pollastrini M; Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy., Poorter L; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands., Poulsen JR; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA., Poulsen AD; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Pretzsch H; Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Munich, Germany., Rodeghiero M; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.; Centro Agricoltura, Alimenti, Ambiente, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy., Rolim SG; Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Ilhéus, Brazil., Rovero F; Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.; MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy., Rutishauser E; Infoflora c/o Botanical Garden of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland., Sagheb-Talebi K; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR), Tehran, Iran., Saikia P; Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India., Sainge MN; Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG), Buea, Cameroon.; Institute of International Education Scholar Rescue Fund (IIE-SRF), One World Trade Center, New York, NY, USA., Salas-Eljatib C; Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.; Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.; Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Salis A; Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy., Schall P; Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany., Schepaschenko D; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.; V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute of FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.; Рeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia., Scherer-Lorenzen M; University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Freiburg, Germany., Schmid B; Institution with City, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Schöngart J; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Grupo Ecologia. Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas MAUA, Manaus, Brazil., Šebeň V; National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovak Republic., Sellan G; Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.; CNRS-UMR LEEISA, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana., Selvi F; Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy., Serra-Diaz JM; Universite de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, Nancy, France., Sheil D; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, Indonesia., Shvidenko AZ; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria., Sist P; Cirad, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France., Souza AF; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Ecologia, Natal, Brazil., Stereńczak KJ; Department of Geomatics, Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, Raszyn, Poland., Sullivan MJP; Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK., Sundarapandian S; Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India., Svoboda M; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic., Swaine MD; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK., Targhetta N; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Grupo Ecologia. Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas MAUA, Manaus, Brazil., Tchebakova N; V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute of FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia., Trethowan LA; Herbarium Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London, UK., Tropek R; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic., Mukendi JT; Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Université de Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi, Democratic Republic of Congo., Umunay PM; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, USA., Usoltsev VA; Ural State Forest Engineering University, Botanical Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia., Vaglio Laurin G; DIBAF Department, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy., Valentini R; DIBAF Department, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy., Valladares F; LINCGlobal, MNCN, CSIC, Madrid, Spain., van der Plas F; Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, Netherlands., Vega-Nieva DJ; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico., Verbeeck H; Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Viana H; Agricultural High School, ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, IPV, Viseu, Portugal.; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal., Vibrans AC; Department of Forest Engineering, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil., Vieira SA; Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Campinas, Brazil., Vleminckx J; International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA., Waite CE; Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia., Wang HF; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya, China., Wasingya EK; Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo., Wekesa C; Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Taita Taveta Research Centre, Wundanyi, Kenya., Westerlund B; Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden., Wittmann F; Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute for Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Rastatt, Germany., Wortel V; Department of Forest Management, Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T; Polish State Forests-Coordination Centre for Environmental Projects, Warsaw, Poland., Zhang C; Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China., Zhao X; Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China., Zhu J; Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA., Zhu X; Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Zhu ZX; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya, China., Zo-Bi IC; Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, DFR Eaux, Forêts et Environnement, BP, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast., Hui C; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa. chui@sun.ac.za.; African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, South Africa. chui@sun.ac.za.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature ecology & evolution [Nat Ecol Evol] 2022 Oct; Vol. 6 (10), pp. 1423-1437. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 08.
DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01831-x
Abstrakt: The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: