Diverse tsunamigenesis triggered by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption.

Autor: Lynett P; Tsunami Research Center, Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. plynett@usc.edu., McCann M; Tsunami Research Center, Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Zhou Z; Tsunami Research Center, Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Renteria W; Tsunami Research Center, Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Borrero J; Tsunami Research Center, Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; eCoast Marine Consulting and Research, Raglan, New Zealand., Greer D; eCoast Marine Consulting and Research, Raglan, New Zealand., Fa'anunu O; Tonga Meteorological Service, Nuka'alofa, Tonga., Bosserelle C; New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Christchurch, New Zealand., Jaffe B; United States Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., La Selle S; United States Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Ritchie A; United States Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Snyder A; United States Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Nasr B; United States Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Bott J; California Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, USA., Graehl N; California Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, USA., Synolakis C; Tsunami Research Center, Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Ebrahimi B; Tsunami Research Center, Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Cinar GE; Tsunami Research Center, Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2022 Sep; Vol. 609 (7928), pp. 728-733. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 08.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05170-6
Abstrakt: On the evening of 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano 1 unleashed a violent underwater eruption, blanketing the surrounding land masses in ash and debris 2,3 . The eruption generated tsunamis observed around the world. An event of this type last occurred in 1883 during the eruption of Krakatau 4 , and thus we have the first observations of a tsunami from a large emergent volcanic eruption captured with modern instrumentation. Here we show that the explosive eruption generated waves through multiple mechanisms, including: (1) air-sea coupling with the initial and powerful shock wave radiating out from the explosion in the immediate vicinity of the eruption; (2) collapse of the water cavity created by the underwater explosion; and (3) air-sea coupling with the air-pressure pulse that circled the Earth several times, leading to a global tsunami. In the near field, tsunami impacts are strongly controlled by the water-cavity source whereas the far-field tsunami, which was unusually persistent, can be largely described by the air-pressure pulse mechanism. Catastrophic damage in some harbours in the far field was averted by just tens of centimetres, implying that a modest sea level rise combined with a future, similar event would lead to a step-function increase in impacts on infrastructure. Piecing together the complexity of this event has broad implications for coastal hazards in similar geophysical settings, suggesting a currently neglected source of global tsunamis.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: