Xylella fastidiosa Infection Reshapes Microbial Composition and Network Associations in the Xylem of Almond Trees.

Autor:	Anguita-Maeso M; Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain., Ares-Yebra A; Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, Coimbra, Portugal., Haro C; Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain., Román-Écija M; Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain., Olivares-García C; Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain., Costa J; Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, Coimbra, Portugal., Marco-Noales E; Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain., Ferrer A; Servicio de Sanidad Vegetal, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain., Navas-Cortés JA; Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain., Landa BB; Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in microbiology [Front Microbiol] 2022 Jul 14; Vol. 13, pp. 866085. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 14 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2022.866085
Abstrakt:	Xylella fastidiosa represents a major threat to important crops worldwide including almond, citrus, grapevine, and olives. Nowadays, there are no efficient control measures for X. fastidiosa , and the use of preventive measures and host resistance represent the most practical disease management strategies. Research on vessel-associated microorganisms is gaining special interest as an innate natural defense of plants to cope against infection by xylem-inhabiting pathogens. The objective of this research has been to characterize, by next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, the microbial communities residing in the xylem sap of almond trees affected by almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD) in a recent X. fastidiosa outbreak occurring in Alicante province, Spain. We also determined community composition changes and network associations occurring between xylem-inhabiting microbial communities and X. fastidiosa . For that, a total of 91 trees with or without ALSD symptoms were selected from a total of eight representative orchards located in five municipalities within the X. fastidiosa -demarcated area. X. fastidiosa infection in each tree was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, with 54% of the trees being tested X. fastidiosa -positive. Globally, Xylella (27.4%), Sphingomonas (13.9%), and Hymenobacter (12.7%) were the most abundant bacterial genera, whereas Diplodia (30.18%), a member of the family Didymellaceae (10.7%), and Aureobasidium (9.9%) were the most predominant fungal taxa. Furthermore, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of Bray-Curtis and weighted UniFrac distances differentiated almond xylem bacterial communities mainly according to X. fastidiosa infection, in contrast to fungal community structure that was not closely related to the presence of the pathogen. Similar results were obtained when X. fastidiosa reads were removed from the bacterial data set although the effect was less pronounced. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed negative associations among four amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) assigned to X. fastidiosa with different bacterial ASVs belonging to 1174-901-12 , Abditibacterium , Sphingomonas , Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum , Modestobacter , Xylophilus , and a non-identified member of the family Solirubrobacteraceae. Determination of the close-fitting associations between xylem-inhabiting microorganisms and X. fastidiosa may help to reveal specific microbial players associated with the suppression of ALSD under high X. fastidiosa inoculum pressure. These identified microorganisms would be good candidates to be tested in planta, to produce almond plants more resilient to X. fastidiosa infection when inoculated by endotherapy, contributing to suppress ALSD. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer AV declared a shared affiliation with the author EM-N to the handling editor at the time of review. (Copyright © 2022 Anguita-Maeso, Ares-Yebra, Haro, Román-Écija, Olivares-García, Costa, Marco-Noales, Ferrer, Navas-Cortés and Landa.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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