| Autor: |
den Uijl MJ; van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands., van der Wijst YJHL; van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Groeneveld I; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Schoenmakers PJ; van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Pirok BWJ; van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands., van Bommel MR; van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam School for Heritage, Memory and Material Culture, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94552, 1090 GN, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. |
| Abstrakt: |
Photodegradation greatly affects everyday life. It poses challenges when food deteriorates or when objects of cultural heritage fade, but it can also create opportunities applied in advanced oxidation processes in water purification. Studying photodegradation, however, can be difficult because of the time needed for degradation, the inaccessibility of pure compounds, and the need to handle samples manually. A novel light-exposure cell, based on liquid-core-waveguide (LCW) technology, was embedded in a multiple-heart-cut two-dimensional liquid chromatography system by coupling the LCW cell to the multiple-heart-cut valve. The sample was flushed from the heart-cut loops into the cell by an isocratic pump. Samples were then irradiated using different time intervals and subsequently transferred by the same isocratic pump to a second-dimension sample loop. The mixture containing the transformation products was then subjected to the second-dimension separation. In the current setup, about 30-40% of the selected fraction was transferred. Multiple degradation products could be monitored. Degradation was found to be faster when a smaller sample amount was introduced (0.3 μg as compared to 1.5 μg). The system was tested with three applications, that is, fuchsin, a 19th-century synthetic organic colorant, annatto, a lipophilic food dye, and vitamin B complex. |
