Motor Cortex Response to Pleasant Odor Perception and Imagery: The Differential Role of Personality Dimensions and Imagery Ability.

Autor:	Infortuna C; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy., Gualano F; Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States.; Department of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States., Freedberg D; Department of Art History and Archeology, Italian Academy for Advanced Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States., Patel SP; Department of Art History and Archeology, Italian Academy for Advanced Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States., Sheikh AM; Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, NY, United States., Muscatello MRA; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy., Bruno A; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy., Mento C; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy., Chusid E; Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, NY, United States., Han Z; Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States., Thomas FP; Department of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States., Battaglia F; Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States.; Department of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in human neuroscience [Front Hum Neurosci] 2022 Jul 12; Vol. 16, pp. 943469. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 12 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fnhum.2022.943469
Abstrakt:	Background: Neuroimaging studies have shown a complex pattern of brain activation during perception of a pleasant odor and during its olfactory imagery. To date, little is known regarding changes in motor cortex excitability during these tasks. Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is extensively used in perfumes and cosmetics for its pleasantness. Therefore, to further our understanding of the human sense of smell, this study aimed to investigate the effect of perception and imagery of a pleasant odor (BEO) on motor cortex using Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Materials and Methods: We examined the primary motor cortex (M1) excitability during perception of a pleasant odor (BEO) or perception of odorless saline (experiment 1). Furthermore, we tested the effect of olfactory imagery (OI) of BEO on corticospinal excitability (experiment 2). The increase in motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude was correlated with personality dimensions scores, pleasantness, vividness, and general imagery ability. Results: The results indicate that the corticospinal excitability changed after both perception and imagery of a pleasant odor (BEO). The correlation analysis shows an association with neuroticism personality trait (experiment 1) and with general olfactory imagery ability (experiment 2). Conclusion: Both perception of a pleasant odor and its olfactory imagery modulate motor cortex excitability. The enhanced brain activation is affected by specific individual characteristics. Overall, our findings provide physiological evidence for a complex interaction between the olfactory and motor systems. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Infortuna, Gualano, Freedberg, Patel, Sheikh, Muscatello, Bruno, Mento, Chusid, Han, Thomas and Battaglia.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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