Weed germinable seedbanks of rice-wheat systems in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains: Do tillage and edaphic factors explain community variation?

Autor: Lowry CJ; Plant Science Department Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA., Brainard DC; Department of Horticulture Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA., Kumar V; International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Los Baños Philippines., Smith RG; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA., Singh M; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-CSISA Hub Patna India., Kumar P; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-CSISA Hub Patna India., Kumar A; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-CSISA Hub Patna India., Kumar V; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-CSISA Hub Patna India., Joon RK; CIMMYT-India New Delhi India., Jat RK; Borlaug Institute for South Asia Pusa Samastipur India., Poonia S; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-CSISA Hub Patna India., Malik RK; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-CSISA Hub Patna India., McDonald A; CIMMYT South Asia Regional office Kathmandu Nepal.; School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Weed research [Weed Res] 2021 Dec; Vol. 61 (6), pp. 475-485. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 23.
DOI: 10.1111/wre.12505
Abstrakt: Zero tillage (ZT) is widely promoted throughout India's Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) because of its potential to increase wheat productivity and resilience to abiotic stresses. Weeds remain a major barrier to ZT adoption, yet it remains unclear how ZT will influence weed communities in the Eastern-IGP. The primary objective of this study was to characterise the composition of the germinable weed seedbank sampled just prior to the wheat phase of rice-wheat farms in Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh, and examine whether adoption of ZT wheat has shifted weed community composition compared to conventional tillage (CT). Additionally, we examined whether edaphic properties and topography (upland vs. lowland) explain variation in germinable weed seedbank communities. In December 2014, we evaluated the germinable seedbank from 72 fields differing in their historic (>=3 year) tillage practices (ZT vs. CT) in three regions: Samastipur-Vaishali-Muzaffarpur (SVM), Ara-Buxar and Maharajgunj-Kushinagar. Weed community composition and species richness varied by region and topography. ZT adoption was associated with lower relative density of Chenopodium album in the germinable seedbank and lower emergence of Phalaris minor seedlings within farmers' fields. In upland topographies of the SVM region, ZT adoption was also associated with greater relative abundance of Solanum nigrum in the weed seedbank. However, differences between tillage systems in individual species were not large enough to result in detection of differences at the whole-community level. Variation in edaphic properties, most notably soil texture and pH, explained 51% of the variation in the weed seedbank community. Our work suggests several frequent but poorly understood species (e.g. Mazus pumilus and Grangea maderaspatana ) in Eastern IGP for which future research should quantify their effects on crop yields. Finally, future work surveying weed species abundance at harvest could further determine the dominant problematic species in these regions.
Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
(© 2021 The Authors. Weed Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Weed Research Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje