Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Treatment of Child Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Ethical Considerations.
| Autor: | Auvichayapat N; Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Research Group of Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand., Auvichayapat P; Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Research Group of Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in human neuroscience [Front Hum Neurosci] 2022 Jul 08; Vol. 16, pp. 842013. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 08 (Print Publication: 2022). |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fnhum.2022.842013 |
| Abstrakt: | Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive electrical stimulation performed using low electric currents passing through two electrodes. The provided current passes from the anode to the cathode and induces electric fields in the surface neurons. It then modulates synaptic plasticity and finally changes cortical excitability or improves clinical outcomes, which outlast after a duration of stimulation. Meta-analyses have supported the beneficial effects of tDCS treatments in child neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the study of vulnerable children remains controversial and is a great deal for ethical considerations. Because the developing brain has some important physiological differences from the matured brain, specifically less γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition and more myelination, the opportunity to modify neurological disorders to be close to the normal level in childhood after tDCS is likely to be higher than in adults. In contrast, these physiological differences may result in unexpected excitability in children's brains and were criticized to have an unsafe effect, specifically seizures, which is a serious adverse events. As mentioned above, using tDCS in children appears to be a double-edged sword and should be ethically considered prior to wide use. Assessing between benefits of tDCS treatment within the golden period of brain development and the risk of seizure provocation is important. Thus, this perspective article is aimed to exhibit broad concepts about the developing brain, tDCS in children, pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and tDCS beneficence, tDCS safety and tolerability in children, and missing good opportunities or taking risks in tDCS. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Auvichayapat and Auvichayapat.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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