Artificial Intelligence and Surgery: Ethical Dilemmas and Open Issues.

Autor:	Cobianchi L; From the Departments of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences (Cobianchi, Ansaloni), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, General Surgery, Pavia, Italy (Cobianchi, Ansaloni)., Verde JM; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire IHU, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (Verde, Mascagni, Garcia Vazquez, Gallix, Padoy)., Loftus TJ; Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL (Loftus)., Piccolo D; Department of Neurosurgery, ASUFC Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy (Piccolo).; Nucleode Srl, Gorizia, Italy (Piccolo)., Dal Mas F; Department of Management, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy (Dal Mas, Massaro)., Mascagni P; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire IHU, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (Verde, Mascagni, Garcia Vazquez, Gallix, Padoy).; Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy (Mascagni)., Garcia Vazquez A; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire IHU, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (Verde, Mascagni, Garcia Vazquez, Gallix, Padoy)., Ansaloni L; From the Departments of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences (Cobianchi, Ansaloni), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, General Surgery, Pavia, Italy (Cobianchi, Ansaloni)., Marseglia GR; Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (Marseglia), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy., Massaro M; Department of Management, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy (Dal Mas, Massaro)., Gallix B; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire IHU, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (Verde, Mascagni, Garcia Vazquez, Gallix, Padoy).; Department of Radiology, McGill University & Health Centre, Quebec, Canada (Gallix)., Padoy N; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire IHU, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (Verde, Mascagni, Garcia Vazquez, Gallix, Padoy)., Peter A; Department of Surgery and MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (Angelos)., Kaafarani HM; Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Kaafarani).; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Kaafarani).
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of the American College of Surgeons [J Am Coll Surg] 2022 Aug 01; Vol. 235 (2), pp. 268-275. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 21.
DOI:	10.1097/XCS.0000000000000242
Abstrakt:	Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications aiming to support surgical decision-making processes are generating novel threats to ethical surgical care. To understand and address these threats, we summarize the main ethical issues that may arise from applying AI to surgery, starting from the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence framework recently promoted by the European Commission. Study Design: A modified Delphi process has been employed to achieve expert consensus. Results: The main ethical issues that arise from applying AI to surgery, described in detail here, relate to human agency, accountability for errors, technical robustness, privacy and data governance, transparency, diversity, non-discrimination, and fairness. It may be possible to address many of these ethical issues by expanding the breadth of surgical AI research to focus on implementation science. The potential for AI to disrupt surgical practice suggests that formal digital health education is becoming increasingly important for surgeons and surgical trainees. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary focus on implementation science and digital health education is desirable to balance opportunities offered by emerging AI technologies and respect for the ethical principles of a patient-centric philosophy. (Copyright © 2022 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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