Documentation and Prediction of Increasing Groundwater Chloride in the Twin Cities, Minnesota.

Autor: McDaris JR; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St. SE, Tate Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA., Feinberg JM; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St. SE, Tate Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA., Runkel AC; Minnesota Geological Survey, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA., Levine J; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA., Kasahara S; Humboldt High School, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA., Alexander EC Jr; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St. SE, Tate Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ground water [Ground Water] 2022 Nov; Vol. 60 (6), pp. 837-850. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 25.
DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13227
Abstrakt: We provide a comprehensive overview of historic chloride concentrations in the groundwater of the Twin Cities metropolitan area (TCMA) in Minnesota, in order to define the extent of chloride contamination, due primarily to the seasonal application of deicing salt to roadways. Data collected from 1278 wells between 1965 and 2020 are representative of the major aquifers underlying the TCMA and establish a regional natural background chloride concentration of less than 10 mg/L. However, 55% of all measurements (1616 of 2943) are above 10 mg/L, with the highest concentrations found within the uppermost Quaternary aquifers. Chloride concentrations in underlying bedrock aquifers are negatively correlated with the thickness and clay composition of overlying materials. Most chloride measurements (92%) remain below chronic exposure limits set by state and federal authorities. Historical trends indicate that, if the current imbalance between chloride inputs and outflows persists, chloride concentrations in TCMA aquifers will surpass regulatory thresholds by midcentury as surface waters and Quaternary aquifer waters migrate into underlying bedrock aquifers. Most wells in this study are monitored annually, making it impossible to detect important sub-annual fluctuations of chloride concentration that can exceed 40%.
(© 2022 The Authors. Groundwater published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of National Ground Water Association.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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