| Autor: |
Domingues CE; Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748. 84.030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil. cinthia_eloise@hotmail.com., Kordiak J; Chemistry Department, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748. 84.030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil., Pedroso CR; Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, 84500-000, Irati, PR Brazil., de Oliveira Stremel TR; University Center of Maringá (UNICESUMAR), R. Des. Westphalen, 60 - Oficinas, 84036-350, Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil., Beber de Souza J; Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, 84500-000, Irati, PR Brazil., de Sousa Vidal CM; Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, 84500-000, Irati, PR Brazil., de Campos SX; Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748. 84.030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil. cinthia_eloise@hotmail.com. |
| Abstrakt: |
This work presents the optimization and validation of a method to quantify organochlorine pesticides in tobacco samples from smuggled cigarettes using ultrasound application and low-temperature extraction. The combined approach was validated for 20 organochlorine pesticides, achieving recoveries between 73% and 116%, and a relative standard deviation of less than 20%. The method minimized the matrix effect in 65% of the organochlorine pesticides. The limits of detection and quantification varied from 2 to 60 ng g -1 and 120 to 190 ng g -1 , respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of 18 brands of smuggled cigarettes. The organochlorine pesticides found in the samples were cis -chlordane (89%), p , p '-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDD) and methoxychlor (78%), endosulfan sulfate (67%), heptachlor epoxide, and endosulfan II (61%). The concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides in this study were higher than those in a similar survey on cigarettes marketed in China. The ultrasound application and low-temperature extraction may be an efficient alternative to analyzing tobacco samples since it uses only one extraction solvent, requires low-cost equipment, does not require an additional clean-up step, reduces the environmental impact through minimal waste generation, and can detect low analyte concentrations. |
