Associations between WASH-related violence and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls and young women in South Africa (HPTN 068): a cross-sectional analysis.

Autor:	Jayaweera RT; Ibis Reproductive Health, Oakland, California, USA rjayaweera@ibisreproductivehealth.org.; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA., Goin D; Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Twine R; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Neilands TB; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Wagner RG; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Lippman SA; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Kahn K; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden., Pettifor A; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA., Ahern J; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2022 Jul 05; Vol. 12 (7), pp. e061032. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 05.
DOI:	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061032
Abstrakt:	Objective: There is a lack of research on experiences of WASH-related violence. This study aims to quantify the association between experience or worry of violence when using the toilet or collecting water and depressive symptoms among a cohort of young women in South Africa. Methods: Data are from visit 3 of the HPTN 068 cohort of adolescent girls in rural Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Participants (n=1798) included in this analysis were aged 13-21 at baseline. Lifetime experience of violence or fear of violence when using the toilet and collecting water was collected by self-report; depressive symptoms in the past week were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We used G-computation to calculate the prevalence difference (PD) and prevalence ratio of depression (CES-D score >15) associated with each domain of violence, controlling for baseline covariates. Findings: A total of 15.1% of respondents reported experiencing violence when using the toilet; 17.1% reported experiencing violence when collecting water and 26.7% reported depression. In adjusted models, those who reported experiencing violence when using the toilet had an 18.1% higher prevalence of depression (95% CI: 11.6% to 24.4%) than those who did not experience violence when using the toilet. Adjusted prevalence of depression was also higher among those who reported violence when collecting water (PD 11.9%, 95% CI: 6.7% to 17.2%), and who worried about violence when using the toilet (PD 12.8%, 95% CI: 7.9% to 19.8%), as compared with those who did not report these experiences. Worrying about violence when collecting water was not associated with depression after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Experience of WASH-related violence is common among young women in rural South Africa, and experience or worry of experiencing violence is associated with higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. Trial Registration Number: NCT01233531; Post-results. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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