Pregnancy as a Fundamental Determinant of Child Health: a Review.

Autor: Tette EMA; Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, P. O. Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana. edemenator@googlemail.com.; Princess Marie Louise Children's Hospital, Ghana Health Service, P. O. Box GP122, Accra, Ghana. edemenator@googlemail.com., Intiful FD; Department of Dietetics, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box KB 143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana., Asare AA; Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, P. O. Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana.; Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, P. O. Box 77, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana., Enos JY; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Current nutrition reports [Curr Nutr Rep] 2022 Sep; Vol. 11 (3), pp. 457-485. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 05.
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00416-1
Abstrakt: Purpose of Review: Maternal conditions and exposures during pregnancy including over- and undernutrition are associated with poor childbirth outcomes, growth, development and chronic childhood diseases. We examined contemporary pregnancy-related determinants of child health.
Recent Findings: While maternal undernutrition remains a major contributor to low birth weight, maternal obesity affects foetal growth, birth weight, survival and is associated with childhood obesity, asthma and autistic spectrum disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic changes, the prenatal microbiome and maternal immune activation (MIA), a neuroinflammatory process induced by diet and other exposures cause foetal programming resulting in these chronic childhood diseases. Maternal diet is potentially a modifiable risk factor for controlling low birth weight, obesity and chronic disease in childhood. Further studies are warranted to refine guidance on dietary restriction and physical activity during pregnancy and determine how MIA and prenatal microbiota can be applied to control childhood diseases arising from programming.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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