Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients.

Autor:	Lee HK; National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States., Knabl L; TyrolPath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Zams, Austria., Walter M; Clinical Core, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States., Knabl L Sr; Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus St. Vinzenz, Zams, Austria., Dai Y; Clinical Core, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States., Füßl M; TyrolPath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Zams, Austria., Caf Y; TyrolPath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Zams, Austria., Jeller C; TyrolPath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Zams, Austria., Knabl P; TyrolPath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Zams, Austria., Obermoser M; Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus St. Johann, St. Johann, Austria., Baurecht C; Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus St. Johann, St. Johann, Austria., Kaiser N; Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus St. Johann, St. Johann, Austria., Zabernigg A; Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Kufstein, Kufstein, Austria., Wurdinger GM; Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Kufstein, Kufstein, Austria., Furth PA; Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States., Hennighausen L; National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2022 Jun 15; Vol. 13, pp. 916686. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 15 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2022.916686
Abstrakt:	Antibody response following Omicron infection is reported to be less robust than that to other variants. Here we investigated how prior vaccination and/or prior infection modulates that response. Disease severity, antibody responses and immune transcriptomes were characterized in four groups of Omicron-infected outpatients (n=83): unvaccinated/no prior infection, vaccinated/no prior infection, unvaccinated/prior infection and vaccinated/prior infection. The percentage of patients with asymptomatic or mild disease was highest in the vaccinated/no prior infection group (87%) and lowest in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group (47%). Significant anti-Omicron spike antibody levels and neutralizing activity were detected in the vaccinated group immediately after infection but were not present in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group. Within two weeks, antibody levels against Omicron, increased. Omicron neutralizing activity in the vaccinated group exceeded that of the prior infection group. No increase in neutralizing activity in the unvaccinated/no prior infection group was seen. The unvaccinated/prior infection group showed an intermediate response. We then investigated the early transcriptomic response following Omicron infection in these outpatient populations and compared it to that found in unvaccinated hospitalized patients with Alpha infection. Omicron infected patients showed a gradient of transcriptional response dependent upon whether or not they were previously vaccinated or infected. Vaccinated patients showed a significantly blunted interferon response as compared to both unvaccinated Omicron infected outpatients and unvaccinated Alpha infected hospitalized patients typified by the response of specific gene classes such as OAS and IFIT that control anti-viral responses and IFI27, a predictor of disease outcome. Competing Interests: Authors LK, MF, YC, CJ, and PK are employed by TyrolPath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Zams, Austria. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Lee, Knabl, Walter, Knabl, Dai, Füßl, Caf, Jeller, Knabl, Obermoser, Baurecht, Kaiser, Zabernigg, Wurdinger, Furth and Hennighausen.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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