Introduction and Establishment of SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variant in New York City in Early 2021.

Autor:	Vasylyeva TI; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA., Fang CE; New York City Public Health Laboratory, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA., Su M; New York City Public Health Laboratory, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA., Havens JL; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA., Parker E; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA., Wang JC; New York City Public Health Laboratory, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA., Zeller M; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA., Yakovleva A; Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom., Hassler GW; Department of Computational Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA., Chowdhury MA; New York City Public Health Laboratory, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA., Andersen KG; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA., Hughes S; New York City Public Health Laboratory, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA., Wertheim JO; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Journal of infectious diseases [J Infect Dis] 2022 Dec 13; Vol. 226 (12), pp. 2142-2149.
DOI:	10.1093/infdis/jiac265
Abstrakt:	Background: Monitoring the emergence and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is an important public health objective. We investigated how the Gamma variant was established in New York City (NYC) in early 2021 in the presence of travel restrictions that aimed to prevent viral spread from Brazil, the country where the variant was first identified. Methods: We performed phylogeographic analysis on 15 967 Gamma sequences sampled between 10 March and 1 May 2021, to identify geographic sources of Gamma lineages introduced into NYC. We identified locally circulating Gamma transmission clusters and inferred the timing of their establishment in NYC. Results: We identified 16 phylogenetically distinct Gamma clusters established in NYC (cluster sizes ranged 2-108 genomes); most of them were introduced from Florida and Illinois and only 1 directly from Brazil. By the time the first Gamma case was reported by genomic surveillance in NYC on 10 March, the majority (57%) of circulating Gamma lineages had already been established in the city for at least 2 weeks. Conclusions: Although travel from Brazil to the United States was restricted from May 2020 through the end of the study period, this restriction did not prevent Gamma from becoming established in NYC as most introductions occurred from domestic locations. Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. K. G. A. has received consulting fees for advising on SARS-CoV-2, variants, and the COVID-19 pandemic. J. O. W. has received funding from the CDC (ongoing) via contracts and agreements to his institution unrelated to this research. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed. (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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