Probabilistic Decision-Making in Children With Dyslexia.

Autor:	Pereira CLW; Department of Neurology, UCSF Dyslexia Center, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States., Zhou R; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States., Pitt MA; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States., Myung JI; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States., Rossi PJ; Department of Neurology, UCSF Dyslexia Center, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States., Caverzasi E; Department of Neurology, UCSF Dyslexia Center, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States., Rah E; Department of Neurology, UCSF Dyslexia Center, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States., Allen IE; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States., Mandelli ML; Department of Neurology, UCSF Dyslexia Center, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States., Meyer M; Department of Neurology, UCSF Dyslexia Center, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States., Miller ZA; Department of Neurology, UCSF Dyslexia Center, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States., Gorno Tempini ML; Department of Neurology, UCSF Dyslexia Center, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in neuroscience [Front Neurosci] 2022 Jun 13; Vol. 16, pp. 782306. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 13 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fnins.2022.782306
Abstrakt:	Background: Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying developmental dyslexia (dD) remain poorly characterized apart from phonological and/or visual processing deficits. Assuming such deficits, the process of learning complex tasks like reading requires the learner to make decisions (i.e., word pronunciation) based on uncertain information (e.g., aberrant phonological percepts)-a cognitive process known as probabilistic decision making, which has been linked to the striatum. We investigate (1) the relationship between dD and probabilistic decision-making and (2) the association between the volume of striatal structures and probabilistic decision-making in dD and typical readers. Methods: Twenty four children diagnosed with dD underwent a comprehensive evaluation and MRI scanning (3T). Children with dD were compared to age-matched typical readers ( n = 11) on a probabilistic, risk/reward fishing task that utilized a Bayesian cognitive model with game parameters of risk propensity (γ + ) and behavioral consistency (β), as well as an overall adjusted score (average number of casts, excluding forced-fail trials). Volumes of striatal structures (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) were analyzed between groups and associated with game parameters. Results: dD was associated with greater risk propensity and decreased behavioral consistency estimates compared to typical readers. Cognitive model parameters associated with timed pseudoword reading across groups. Risk propensity related to caudate volumes, particularly in the dD group. Conclusion: Decision-making processes differentiate dD, associate with the caudate, and may impact learning mechanisms. This study suggests the need for further research into domain-general probabilistic decision-making in dD, neurocognitive mechanisms, and targeted interventions in dD. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Pereira, Zhou, Pitt, Myung, Rossi, Caverzasi, Rah, Allen, Mandelli, Meyer, Miller and Gorno Tempini.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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