Differences in Prediction May Underlie Language Disorder in Autism.
| Autor: | Ellis Weismer S; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States., Saffran JR; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in psychology [Front Psychol] 2022 Jun 09; Vol. 13, pp. 897187. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 09 (Print Publication: 2022). |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897187 |
| Abstrakt: | Language delay is often one of the first concerns of parents of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and early language abilities predict broader outcomes for children on the autism spectrum. Yet, mechanisms underlying language deficits in autistic children remain underspecified. One prominent component of linguistic behavior is the use of predictions or expectations during learning and processing. Several researcher teams have posited prediction deficit accounts of ASD. The basic assumption of the prediction accounts is that information is processed by making predictions and testing violations against expectations (prediction errors). Flexible (neurotypical) brains attribute differential weights to prediction errors to determine when new learning is appropriate, while autistic individuals are thought to assign disproportionate weight to prediction errors. According to some views, these prediction deficits are hypothesized to lead to higher levels of perceived novelty, resulting in "hyperplasticity" of learning based on the most recent input. In this article, we adopt the perspective that it would be useful to investigate whether language deficits in children with ASD can be attributed to atypical domain-general prediction processes. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Ellis Weismer and Saffran.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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