Evolution of the Short Form of DNMT3A, DNMT3A2, Occurred in the Common Ancestor of Mammals.

Autor:	Ishihara T; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia., Hickford D; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia., Fenelon JC; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia., Griffith OW; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia., Suzuki S; Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan., Renfree MB; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Genome biology and evolution [Genome Biol Evol] 2022 Jul 02; Vol. 14 (7).
DOI:	10.1093/gbe/evac094
Abstrakt:	Genomic imprinting is found in marsupial and eutherian mammals, but not in monotremes. While the primary regulator of genomic imprinting in eutherians is differential DNA methylation between parental alleles, conserved imprinted genes in marsupials tend to lack DNA methylation at their promoters. DNA methylation at eutherian imprinted genes is mainly catalyzed by a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzyme, DNMT3A. There are two isoforms of eutherian DNMT3A: DNMT3A and DNMT3A2. DNMT3A2 is the primary isoform for establishing DNA methylation at eutherian imprinted genes and is essential for eutherian genomic imprinting. In this study, we investigated whether DNMT3A2 is also present in the two other mammalian lineages, marsupials and monotremes. We identified DNMT3A2 in both marsupials and monotremes, although imprinting has not been identified in monotremes. By analyzing genomic sequences and transcriptome data across vertebrates, we concluded that the evolution of DNMT3A2 occurred in the common ancestor of mammals. In addition, DNMT3A/3A2 gene and protein expression during gametogenesis showed distinct sexual dimorphisms in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby, and this pattern coincided with the sex-specific DNA methylation reprogramming in this species as it does in mice. Our results show that DNMT3A2 is present in all mammalian groups and suggests that the basic DNMT3A/3A2-based DNA methylation mechanism is conserved at least in therian mammals. (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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