Soil microbial diversity and community composition during conversion from conventional to organic agriculture.

Autor: van Rijssel SQ; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands., Veen GFC; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands., Koorneef GJ; Department of Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands., Bakx-Schotman JMTT; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands., Ten Hooven FC; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands., Geisen S; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands., van der Putten WH; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Molecular ecology [Mol Ecol] 2022 Aug; Vol. 31 (15), pp. 4017-4030. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 11.
DOI: 10.1111/mec.16571
Abstrakt: It is generally assumed that the dependence of conventional agriculture on artificial fertilizers and pesticides strongly impacts the environment, while organic agriculture relying more on microbial functioning may mitigate these impacts. However, it is not well known how microbial diversity and community composition change in conventionally managed farmers' fields that are converted to organic management. Here, we sequenced bacterial and fungal communities of 34 organic fields on sand and marine clay soils in a time series (chronosequence) covering 25 years of conversion. Nearby conventional fields were used as references. We found that community composition of bacteria and fungi differed between organic and conventionally managed fields. In the organic fields, fungal diversity increased with time since conversion. However, this effect disappeared when the conventional paired fields were included. There was a relationship between pH and soil organic matter content and the diversity and community composition of bacteria and fungi. In marine clay soils, when time since organic management increased, fungal communities in organic fields became more dissimilar to those in conventional fields. We conclude that conversion to organic management in these Dutch farmers' fields did not increase microbial community diversity. Instead, we observed that in organic fields in marine clay when time since conversion increased soil fungal community composition became progressively dissimilar from that in conventional fields. Our results also showed that the paired sampling approach of organic and conventional fields was essential in order to control for environmental variation that was otherwise unaccounted for.
(© 2022 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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