An Update to Hallmarks of Cancer.
| Autor: | Ravi S; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital, Duluth, USA., Alencar AM Jr; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital São Domingos, São Luís, BRA., Arakelyan J; Department of Oncology/Solid Tumors, Yerevan State Medical University, Hematology Center After Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, ARM., Xu W; Department of Business Development, Harbour BioMed, Boston, USA., Stauber R; Department of Oncology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRA., Wang CI; Department of Research and Development, Beltie Bio, Inc, San Diego, USA., Papyan R; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Yerevan State Medical University, Pediatric Center and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Yerevan, ARM., Ghazaryan N; Department of Molecular Biology, L.A. Orbeli Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Armenia (NAS RA) Hematology Center After Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, ARM., Pereira RM; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Cureus [Cureus] 2022 May 07; Vol. 14 (5), pp. e24803. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 07 (Print Publication: 2022). |
| DOI: | 10.7759/cureus.24803 |
| Abstrakt: | In the last decade, there has been remarkable progress in research toward understanding and refining the hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we propose a new hallmark - "pro-survival autophagy." The importance of pro-survival autophagy is well established in tumorigenesis, as it is related to multiple steps in cancer progression and vital for some cancers. Autophagy is a potential anti-cancer therapeutic target. For this reason, autophagy is a good candidate as a new hallmark of cancer. We describe two enabling characteristics that play a major role in enabling cells to acquire the hallmarks of cancer - "tumor-promoting microenvironment and macroenvironment" and "cancer epigenetics, genome instability and mutation." We also discuss the recent updates, therapeutic and prognostic implications of the eight hallmarks of cancer described by Hanahan et al. in 2011. Understanding these hallmarks and enabling characteristics is key not only to developing new ways to treat cancer efficiently but also to exploring options to overcome cancer resistance to treatment. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright © 2022, Ravi et al.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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