Southern Hemisphere coasts are biologically connected by frequent, long-distance rafting events.

Autor:	Fraser CI; Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: ceridwen.fraser@gmail.com., Dutoit L; Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: ludovic.dutoit@otago.ac.nz., Morrison AK; Research School of Earth Sciences and Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia., Pardo LM; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile., Smith SDA; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia., Pearman WS; Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand., Parvizi E; Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand., Waters J; Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand., Macaya EC; Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile; Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. Electronic address: maceras@gmail.com.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Current biology : CB [Curr Biol] 2022 Jul 25; Vol. 32 (14), pp. 3154-3160.e3. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 08.
DOI:	10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.035
Abstrakt:	Globally, species distributions are shifting in response to environmental change, ¹ and those that cannot disperse risk extinction. ² Many taxa, including marine species, are showing poleward range shifts as the climate warms. ³ In the Southern Hemisphere, however, circumpolar oceanic fronts can present barriers to dispersal. ⁴ Although passive, southward movement of species across this barrier has been considered unlikely, ⁵ ^, ⁶ the recent discovery of buoyant kelp rafts on beaches in Antarctica ⁷ ^, ⁸ demonstrates that such journeys are possible. Rafting is a key process by which diverse taxa-including terrestrial, e.g., Lindo, ⁹ Godinot, ¹⁰ and Censky et al., ¹¹ and marine, e.g., Carlton et al. ¹² and Gillespie et al. ¹³ species-can cross oceans. ¹⁴ Kelp rafts can carry passengers ⁷ ^, ^15-17 and thus can act as vectors for long-distance dispersal of coastal organisms. The small numbers of kelp rafts previously found in Antarctica ⁷ ^, ⁸ do not, however, shed much light on the frequency of such dispersal events. ¹⁸ We use a combination of high-resolution phylogenomic analyses (>220,000 SNPs) and oceanographic modeling to show that long-distance biological dispersal events in Southern Ocean are not rare. We document tens of kelp (Durvillaea antarctica) rafting events of thousands of kilometers each, over several decades (1950-2019), with many kelp rafts apparently still reproductively viable. Modeling of dispersal trajectories from genomically inferred source locations shows that distant landmasses are well connected, for example South Georgia and New Zealand, and the Kerguelen Islands and Tasmania. Our findings illustrate the power of genomic approaches to track, and modeling to show frequencies of, long-distance dispersal events. Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests. (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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