Phytotoxicity and cytogenetic action mechanism of leaf extracts of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine in plant bioassays.

Autor: Alves TA; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Alegre, ES, Brasil., Spadeto MS; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Alegre, ES, Brasil., Vasconcelos LC; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Alegre, ES, Brasil., Souza JRCL; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo - IFES, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Alegre, ES, Brasil., Menini L; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo - IFES, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Alegre, ES, Brasil., Ferreira MFS; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Genética Vegetal, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Alegre, ES, Brasil., Praça-Fontes MM; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Alegre, ES, Brasil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia [Braz J Biol] 2022 Jun 03; Vol. 84, pp. e260985. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 03 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260985
Abstrakt: The search for more environmental friendly herbicides, aiming at the control of agricultural pests, combinated with less harmfulness to human health and the environment has grown. An alternative used by researchers is the application of products of secondary plant metabolism, which are investigated due to their potential bioactivities. Thus, species belonging to the Myrtaceae family are potential in these studies, since this family is recognized for having high biological activity. A species belonging to this genus is Psidium cattleyanum, which has a medicinal effect and its fruits are used in human food. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the phyto-cyto-genotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of the specie P. cattleyanum, from plant bioassays, as well as to identify the main classes of compounds present in the extracts. For this, the extracts were prepared, characterized and biological tests were carried out by evaluating, in seeds and seedlings of lettuce and sorghum, the variables: percentage of germination, germination speed index, root growth and aerial growth; and in meristematic lettuce cells the variables: mitotic phases, mitotic index, nuclear alterations and chromosomal alterations. Flavones, flavonones, flavonols, flavononols, flavonoids, alkaloids, resins, xanthones and anthraquinone glycoside were characterized in the ethanolic extract. Both evaluated extracts, in the highest concentration, inhibited the initial plant development. All treatments caused alterations in the mitotic phases and inhibited mitotic index. In addition, the treatments promoted an increase in nuclear and chromosomal alterations. The mechanism of action presented was aneugenic, clastogenic and determined in epigenetic alterations. The ethanolic extract was more cytotoxic, since it had a more expressive effect at a lower concentration. Despite the cytotoxicity of the extracts under study, they promoted alterations at lower levels than the glyphosate positive control.
Databáze: MEDLINE