Dissociating executive function and ADHD influences on reading ability in children with dyslexia.

Autor: Al Dahhan NZ; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA; MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Halverson K; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA; University of Houston, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Peek CP; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Wilmot D; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., D'Mello A; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Romeo RR; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Meegoda O; MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Imhof A; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA; MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Wade K; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Sridhar A; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Falke E; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA; The Carroll School, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Centanni TM; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA; Texas Christian University, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Gabrieli JDE; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA., Christodoulou JA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA; MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA. Electronic address: jchristodoulou@mghihp.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior [Cortex] 2022 Aug; Vol. 153, pp. 126-142. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 06.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.03.025
Abstrakt: Developmental dyslexia (DD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders among school-age children. These disorders frequently co-occur, with up to 40-50% of children with one diagnosis meeting criteria for the other, and similar percentages of children with either DD or ADHD exhibiting impaired executive functions (EF). Although both ADHD and EF deficits are common in dyslexia, there is little evidence about how ADHD and EF deficits specifically influence the brain basis of reading difficulty in dyslexia, and whether the influences of ADHD and EF on dyslexia can be disentangled. The goal of the current study was to investigate, at both behavioral and brain levels, whether reading performance in individuals with dyslexia is more strongly associated with EF or with diagnostic status of comorbid ADHD. We examined reading abilities and EF in children (8-13 years old) with typical reading ability, DD only, or both DD + ADHD. Across both groups with dyslexia, impaired EF was associated with greater impairment on measures loading onto a reading fluency, but not a reading accuracy, factor. There were no significant differences between the DD and DD + ADHD groups on measures of reading fluency or reading accuracy. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a rhyme-matching reading task requiring phonological awareness, typically developing readers showed greater left-hemisphere reading network activation than children with DD or DD + ADHD. Children with DD and DD + ADHD did not show differential activation, but DD children with unimpaired EF showed greater activation than those with impaired EF in reading-related areas. Thus, ADHD status alone had no measurable influence on reading performance or brain activation. Impaired EF in dyslexia, independent of ADHD status, was associated with greater deficits in reading fluency and greater reductions of activation in response to print in the typical left-hemisphere reading network.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
(Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: