| Autor: |
Cheng I; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California., Yang J; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California., Tseng C; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California., Wu J; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California., Shariff-Marco S; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California., Park SL; Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii., Conroy SM; Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California., Inamdar PP; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California., Fruin S; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California., Larson T; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington., Setiawan VW; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California., DeRouen MC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California., Gomez SL; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California., Wilkens LR; Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii., Le Marchand L; Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii., Stram DO; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California., Samet J; Department of Epidemiology and.; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; and., Ritz B; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California., Wu AH; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. |
| Abstrakt: |
Rationale: Although the contribution of air pollution to lung cancer risk is well characterized, few studies have been conducted in racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse populations. Objectives: To examine the association between traffic-related air pollution and risk of lung cancer in a racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse cohort. Methods: Among 97,288 California participants of the Multiethnic Cohort Study, we used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine associations between time-varying traffic-related air pollutants (gaseous and particulate matter pollutants and regional benzene) and lung cancer risk ( n = 2,796 cases; average follow-up = 17 yr), adjusting for demographics, lifetime smoking, occupation, neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), and lifestyle factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted for race, ethnicity, nSES, and other factors. Measurements and Main Results: Among all participants, lung cancer risk was positively associated with nitrogen oxide (hazard ratio [HR], 1.15 per 50 ppb; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.33), nitrogen dioxide (HR, 1.12 per 20 ppb; 95% CI, 0.95-1.32), fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (HR, 1.20 per 10 μg/m 3 ; 95% CI, 1.01-1.43), carbon monoxide (HR, 1.29 per 1,000 ppb; 95% CI, 0.99-1.67), and regional benzene (HR, 1.17 per 1 ppb; 95% CI, 1.02-1.34) exposures. These patterns of associations were driven by associations among African American and Latino American groups. There was no formal evidence for heterogeneity of effects by nSES ( P heterogeneity > 0.21), although participants residing in low-SES neighborhoods had increased lung cancer risk associated with nitrogen oxides, and no association was observed among those in high-SES neighborhoods. Conclusions: These findings in a large multiethnic population reflect an association between lung cancer and the mixture of traffic-related air pollution and not a particular individual pollutant. They are consistent with the adverse effects of air pollution that have been described in less racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse populations. Our results also suggest an increased risk of lung cancer among those residing in low-SES neighborhoods. |
