| Autor: |
Vergara-Araya M; Department for Water, Environment, Construction, and Safety, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Breitscheidstr. 2, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany., Oeltze H; Department for Water, Environment, Construction, and Safety, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Breitscheidstr. 2, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany., Radeva J; Nanostone Water GmbH, Am Bahndamm 12, 38820 Halberstadt, Germany., Roth AG; Nanostone Water GmbH, Am Bahndamm 12, 38820 Halberstadt, Germany., Göbbert C; Nanostone Water GmbH, Am Bahndamm 12, 38820 Halberstadt, Germany., Niestroj-Pahl R; Surflay Nanotec GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany., Dähne L; Surflay Nanotec GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany., Wiese J; Department for Water, Environment, Construction, and Safety, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Breitscheidstr. 2, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany. |
| Abstrakt: |
Hybrid ceramic membranes (i.e., membranes with a layer-by-layer (LbL) coating) are an emerging technology to remove diverse kinds of micropollutants from water. Hybrid ceramic membranes were tested under laboratory conditions as single-channel (filter area = 0.00754 m 2 ) and multi-channel (0.35 m 2 ) variants for the removal of pharmaceuticals (sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac, clofibric acid, and ibuprofen) and typical wastewater pollutants (i.e., COD, TOC, PO 4 -P, and TN) from drinking water and treated wastewater. The tests were conducted with two low transmembrane pressures (TMP) of 2 and 4 bar and constant temperatures and flow velocities, which showed rejections above 80% for all the tested pharmaceuticals as well for organic pollutants and phosphorous in the treated wastewater. Tests regarding sufficient cleaning regimes also showed that the LbL coating is stable and resistant to pHs between 2 and 10 with the use of typical cleaning agents (citric acid and NaOH) but not to higher pHs, a commercially available enzymatic solution, or backwashing. The hybrid membranes can contribute to the advanced treatment of water and wastewater with low operational costs, and their application at a larger scale is viable. However, the cleaning of the membranes must be further investigated to assure the stability and durability of the LbL coating. |
