Understanding "Hybrid Immunity": Comparison and Predictors of Humoral Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines.
Autor: | Epsi NJ; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Richard SA; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Lindholm DA; Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA.; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Mende K; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA., Ganesan A; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Huprikar N; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Lalani T; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA., Fries AC; US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA., Maves RC; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA., Colombo RE; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, Washington, USA., Larson DT; Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA.; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA., Smith A; Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA., Chi SW; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Maldonado CJ; Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, USA., Ewers EC; Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA., Jones MU; Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA., Berjohn CM; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA., Libraty DH; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA., Edwards MS; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., English C; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Rozman JS; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Mody RM; William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA., Colombo CJ; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, Washington, USA., Samuels EC; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Nwachukwu P; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Tso MS; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Scher AI; Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA., Byrne C; Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA., Rusiecki J; Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA., Simons MP; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Tribble D; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Broder CC; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Agan BK; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Burgess TH; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Laing ED; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Pollett SD; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Zdroj: | Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America [Clin Infect Dis] 2023 Feb 08; Vol. 76 (3), pp. e439-e449. |
DOI: | 10.1093/cid/ciac392 |
Abstrakt: | Background: Comparison of humoral responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinees, those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, or combinations of vaccine/ infection ("hybrid immunity") may clarify predictors of vaccine immunogenicity. Methods: We studied 2660 US Military Health System beneficiaries with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection-alone (n = 705), vaccination-alone (n = 932), vaccine-after-infection (n = 869), and vaccine-breakthrough-infection (n = 154). Peak anti-spike-immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses through 183 days were compared, with adjustment for vaccine product, demography, and comorbidities. We excluded those with evidence of clinical or subclinical SARS-CoV-2 reinfection from all groups. Results: Multivariable regression results indicated that vaccine-after-infection anti-spike-IgG responses were higher than infection-alone (P < .01), regardless of prior infection severity. An increased time between infection and vaccination was associated with greater post-vaccination IgG response (P < .01). Vaccination-alone elicited a greater IgG response but more rapid waning of IgG (P < .01) compared with infection-alone (P < .01). BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine-receipt was associated with greater IgG responses compared with JNJ-78436735 vaccine-receipt (P < .01), regardless of infection history. Those with vaccine-after-infection or vaccine-breakthrough-infection had a more durable anti-spike-IgG response compared to infection-alone (P < .01). Conclusions: Vaccine-receipt elicited higher anti-spike-IgG responses than infection-alone, although IgG levels waned faster in those vaccinated (compared to infection-alone). Vaccine-after-infection elicits a greater humoral response compared with vaccine or infection alone; and the timing, but not disease severity, of prior infection predicted these post-vaccination IgG responses. While differences between groups were small in magnitude, these results offer insights into vaccine immunogenicity variations that may help inform vaccination timing strategies. Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest. S. D. P., T. H. B., D. T., and M. P. S. report that the Uniformed Services University (USU) IDCRP, a US Department of Defense institution, and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation were funded under a cooperative research and development agreement to conduct an unrelated phase 3 COVID-19 monoclonal antibody immunoprophylaxis trial sponsored by AstraZeneca. The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded by the Department of Defense Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense to augment the conduct of an unrelated phase 3 vaccine trial sponsored by AstraZeneca. Both of these trials were part of the US government COVID-19 response. Neither is related to the work presented here. C. M. B. reports a leadership or fiduciary role on the Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Affairs Committee. R. C. M. reports grants or contracts to his institution and unrelated to this work from AiCuris, Sound Pharmaceutical, and AstraZeneca; consulting fees and honorarium for advisory panel membership from the Society of Critical Care Medicine; honorarium for a lecture from the California Thoracic Society; travel support from the American Thoracic Society, American College of Chest Physicians, and Society of Critical Care Medicine; a US patent for investigational dengue vaccine candidate (no payments made or current commercial development planned); data and safety monitoring board membership (funds to author) for Trauma Insights, LLC; member of The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) Congress Program Committee (travel support for official meetings [pre-March 2020]), chair of the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) COVID-19 Task Force and Disaster/Global Health Section (travel support for official meetings), and member of the CHEST Scientific Program Committee (travel support for official meetings). All remaining authors: No reported conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed. (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.) |
Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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