| Autor: |
Asangba AE; Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA., Mugisha L; Ecohealth Research Group, Conservation & Ecosystem Health Alliance (CEHA), Kampala, Uganda.; Department of Wildlife & Aquatic Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda., Rukundo J; Chimpanzee Sanctuary and Wildlife Conservation (Chimpanzee Trust), Ngamba Island, Uganda., Lewis RJ; Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA., Halajian A; Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa., Cortés-Ortiz L; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., Junge RE; Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, Powell, Ohio, USA., Irwin MT; Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA., Karlson J; Tanzania Forest Conservation Group and Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania., Perkin A; Tanzania Forest Conservation Group and Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania., Watsa M; San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, California, USA.; Field Projects International, Escondido, California, USA., Erkenswick G; Field Projects International, Escondido, California, USA.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA., Bales KL; Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA., Patton DL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA., Jasinska AJ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland., Fernandez-Duque E; Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA., Leigh SR; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.; Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA., Stumpf RM; Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.; Kanyanchu River Chimpanzee Project and Research Collaborative, Bigodi, Uganda.; Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.; Notre Dame Institute for Advanced Study, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
The study of the mammalian microbiome serves as a critical tool for understanding host-microbial diversity and coevolution and the impact of bacterial communities on host health. While studies of specific microbial systems (e.g., in the human gut) have rapidly increased, large knowledge gaps remain, hindering our understanding of the determinants and levels of variation in microbiomes across multiple body sites and host species. Here, we compare microbiome community compositions from eight distinct body sites among 17 phylogenetically diverse species of nonhuman primates (NHPs), representing the largest comparative study of microbial diversity across primate host species and body sites. Analysis of 898 samples predominantly acquired in the wild demonstrated that oral microbiomes were unique in their clustering, with distinctive divergence from all other body site microbiomes. In contrast, all other body site microbiomes clustered principally by host species and differentiated by body site within host species. These results highlight two key findings: (i) the oral microbiome is unique compared to all other body site microbiomes and conserved among diverse nonhuman primates, despite their considerable dietary and phylogenetic differences, and (ii) assessments of the determinants of host-microbial diversity are relative to the level of the comparison (i.e., intra-/inter-body site, -host species, and -individual), emphasizing the need for broader comparative microbial analyses across diverse hosts to further elucidate host-microbial dynamics, evolutionary and biological patterns of variation, and implications for human-microbial coevolution. IMPORTANCE The microbiome is critical to host health and disease, but much remains unknown about the determinants, levels, and evolution of host-microbial diversity. The relationship between hosts and their associated microbes is complex. Most studies to date have focused on the gut microbiome; however, large gaps remain in our understanding of host-microbial diversity, coevolution, and levels of variation in microbiomes across multiple body sites and host species. To better understand the patterns of variation and evolutionary context of host-microbial communities, we conducted one of the largest comparative studies to date, which indicated that the oral microbiome was distinct from the microbiomes of all other body sites and convergent across host species, suggesting conserved niche specialization within the Primates order. We also show the importance of host species differences in shaping the microbiome within specific body sites. This large, comparative study contributes valuable information on key patterns of variation among hosts and body sites, with implications for understanding host-microbial dynamics and human-microbial coevolution. |
