Socioecology shapes child and adolescent time allocation in twelve hunter-gatherer and mixed-subsistence forager societies.

Autor: Lew-Levy S; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Pl. 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. sheinalewlevy@gmail.com.; Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Pl. 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. sheinalewlevy@gmail.com., Reckin R; Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CV2 3DZ, UK., Kissler SM; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA., Pretelli I; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Pl. 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany., Boyette AH; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Pl. 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany., Crittenden AN; Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy., Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA., Hagen RV; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, 375 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA., Haas R; Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, 656 W. Kirby St., 3037 FAB, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA., Kramer KL; Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 260 Central Campus Drive, Suite 4553, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA., Koster J; Department of Anthropology, University of Cincinnati, 481 Braunstein Hall, PO Box 210380, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0380, USA., O'Brien MJ; Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico, 400 W. First St., Chico, CA, 95929-0400, USA., Sonoda K; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan., Surovell TA; Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, 12th and Lewis Streets, Laramie, WY, 8207, USA., Stieglitz J; Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, 1 Esplanade de l'Université, 31080, Toulouse Cedex 06, France., Tucker B; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, 250 Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA, 30602, USA., Lavi N; Department of Anthropology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.; Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW, UK., Ellis-Davies K; Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Sketty, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK., Davis HE; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. helenelizabethdavis@gmail.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2022 May 16; Vol. 12 (1), pp. 8054. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 16.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12217-1
Abstrakt: A key issue distinguishing prominent evolutionary models of human life history is whether prolonged childhood evolved to facilitate learning in a skill- and strength-intensive foraging niche requiring high levels of cooperation. Considering the diversity of environments humans inhabit, children's activities should also reflect local social and ecological opportunities and constraints. To better understand our species' developmental plasticity, the present paper compiled a time allocation dataset for children and adolescents from twelve hunter-gatherer and mixed-subsistence forager societies (n = 690; 3-18 years; 52% girls). We investigated how environmental factors, local ecological risk, and men and women's relative energetic contributions were associated with cross-cultural variation in child and adolescent time allocation to childcare, food production, domestic work, and play. Annual precipitation, annual mean temperature, and net primary productivity were not strongly associated with child and adolescent activity budgets. Increased risk of encounters with dangerous animals and dehydration negatively predicted time allocation to childcare and domestic work, but not food production. Gender differences in child and adolescent activity budgets were stronger in societies where men made greater direct contributions to food production than women. We interpret these findings as suggesting that children and their caregivers adjust their activities to facilitate the early acquisition of knowledge which helps children safely cooperate with adults in a range of social and ecological environments. These findings compel us to consider how childhood may have also evolved to facilitate flexible participation in productive activities in early life.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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