Direct and indirect antiparasitic effects of chloroquine against the virulent RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii: An experimental study.

Autor: Gamea GA; Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. Electronic address: ghada.gamea@med.tanta.edu.eg., Elmehy DA; Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Salama AM; Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Soliman NA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Afifi OK; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Elkaliny HH; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Abo El Gheit RE; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., El-Ebiary AA; Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Tahoon DM; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Elkholy RA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Shoeib SM; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Eleryan MA; Resident at department of Histopathology, Damanhour Teaching Hospital, Egypt., Younis SS; Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Acta tropica [Acta Trop] 2022 Aug; Vol. 232, pp. 106508. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 11.
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106508
Abstrakt: Background: Toxoplasmosis is a deleterious parasitic disease with harmful impact on both humans and animals. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antiparasitic effect of chloroquine (CQ), spiramycin (SP), and combination of both against the highly virulent RH HXGPRT (-) strain of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and to explore the mechanisms underlying such effect.
Methods: We counted the tachyzoites in the peritoneal fluid and liver smears of mice and performed scanning and transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining of tachyzoites. Moreover, relative caspase 3 gene expression was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction of liver tissues and immunoassay of anti-apoptotic markers [B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and X-chromosome linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)] and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) was done in liver tissues by ELISA. In addition, we estimated serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and performed histopathological examination of liver sections for scoring of inflammation.
Results: We found that both CQ and CQ/SP combination significantly reduced parasitic load in the peritoneal fluid and liver smears, induced apical disruption of tachyzoites, triggered host cell apoptosis through elevation of relative caspase 3 gene expression and suppression of both Bcl-2 and XIAP. Also, they upregulated IFN-γ level, reduced serum AST and ALT, and ameliorated liver inflammation.
Conclusions: Either of CQ and CQ/SP combination was more effective than SP alone against T. gondii with the CQ/SP combination being more efficient. Therefore, adding CQ to other anti-Toxoplasma therapeutic regimens may be considered in future research.
(Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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