The Structural and Mechanical Basis for Passive-Hydraulic Pine Cone Actuation.

Autor: Eger CJ; Department for Microsystems Engineering, Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79110, Germany., Horstmann M; Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany., Poppinga S; Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79110, Germany.; Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany.; Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Botanical Garden, Schnittspahnstraße 2, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany., Sachse R; TUM School of Engineering and Design, Department of Engineering Physics and Computation, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, Garching b. München, 85748, Germany., Thierer R; Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, Stuttgart, 70550, Germany., Nestle N; BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, 67056, Germany., Bruchmann B; BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, 67056, Germany., Speck T; Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79110, Germany.; Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany., Bischoff M; Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, Stuttgart, 70550, Germany., Rühe J; Department for Microsystems Engineering, Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79110, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) [Adv Sci (Weinh)] 2022 Jul; Vol. 9 (20), pp. e2200458. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 14.
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200458
Abstrakt: The opening and closing of pine cones is based on the hygroscopic behavior of the individual seed scales around the cone axis, which bend passively in response to changes in environmental humidity. Although prior studies suggest a bilayer architecture consisting of lower actuating (swellable) sclereid and upper restrictive (non- or lesser swellable) sclerenchymatous fiber tissue layers to be the structural basis of this behavior, the exact mechanism of how humidity changes are translated into global movement are still unclear. Here, the mechanical and hydraulic properties of each structural component of the scale are investigated to get a holistic picture of their functional interplay. Measurements of the wetting behavior, water uptake, and mechanical measurements are used to analyze the influence of hydration on the different tissues of the cone scales. Furthermore, their dimensional changes during actuation are measured by comparative micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) investigations of dry and wet scales, which are corroborated and extended by 3D-digital image correlation-based displacement and strain analyses, biomechanical testing of actuation force, and finite element simulations. Altogether, a model allowing a detailed mechanistic understanding of pine cone actuation is developed, which is a prime concept generator for the development of biomimetic hygromorphic systems.
(© 2022 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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