A mechanistic model of snakebite as a zoonosis: Envenoming incidence is driven by snake ecology, socioeconomics and its impacts on snakes.

Autor: Martín G; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.; Departamento de Sistemas y Procesos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida, México., Erinjery JJ; School of Zoology, Department of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Department of Zoology, Kannur University, Kannur, India., Ediriweera D; Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka., de Silva HJ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka., Lalloo DG; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Iwamura T; Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America., Murray KA; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.; MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2022 May 12; Vol. 16 (5), pp. e0009867. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 12 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009867
Abstrakt: Snakebite is the only WHO-listed, not infectious neglected tropical disease (NTD), although its eco-epidemiology is similar to that of zoonotic infections: envenoming occurs after a vertebrate host contacts a human. Accordingly, snakebite risk represents the interaction between snake and human factors, but their quantification has been limited by data availability. Models of infectious disease transmission are instrumental for the mitigation of NTDs and zoonoses. Here, we represented snake-human interactions with disease transmission models to approximate geospatial estimates of snakebite incidence in Sri Lanka, a global hotspot. Snakebites and envenomings are described by the product of snake and human abundance, mirroring directly transmitted zoonoses. We found that human-snake contact rates vary according to land cover (surrogate of occupation and socioeconomic status), the impacts of humans and climate on snake abundance, and by snake species. Our findings show that modelling snakebite as zoonosis provides a mechanistic eco-epidemiological basis to understand snakebites, and the possible implications of global environmental and demographic change for the burden of snakebite.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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