Sociodemographic predictors of confirmed COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization among patients in Saudi Arabia: Analyzing a national COVID-19 database.

Autor:	Alothaid H; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: halothaid@bu.edu.sa., Alshehri MA; Department of Community Health Sciences (Public Health), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: maalshehri@bu.edu.sa., Yusuf AO; School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: azeez.yusuf@outlook.com., Alzahrani ME; Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: meid@bu.edu.sa., McDaniel J; School of Human Sciences, Pulliam Hall 319, Southern Illinois University, 457 Clocktower Drive, MC #4632, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA. Electronic address: jtmcd@siu.edu., Alamri S; Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: salamri@bu.edu.sa., Aldughaim MS; Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box. 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: maldughaim@kfmc.med.sa., Alswaidi FM; Agency of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: falswaidi@moh.gov.sa., Al-Qahtani AA; Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: aqahtani@kfshrc.edu.sa.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of infection and public health [J Infect Public Health] 2022 Jun; Vol. 15 (6), pp. 615-620. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 04.
DOI:	10.1016/j.jiph.2022.04.015
Abstrakt:	Background: Even with the widespread availability of vaccines for the COVID-19 disease, there is no sign of decline in the rate of spread of the disease. Based on findings of different studies across the globe, the disease is characterized by poor outcomes in specific sociodemographic categories such as age, gender and presence of symptoms. Methods: In this study, we carried out a multivariable logistic regression analysis on a national database (HESN+) of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Saudi Arabia to determine predictors of hospitalization and mortality for these patients. Results: Data was extracted for 328,301 confirmed COVID- 19 patients (mean age (SD) = 37.79 (1.68)) with 34.92% females and 65.08% males. Of these, 59.87% were Saudi Arabian citizens and 40.13% were non-Saudi. 68.91% of cases were discovered in Riyadh (n = 67,384), Makkah (n = 72,590) and the Eastern Province (n = 79,666). 72.2% of all cases were diagnosed and treated by the Ministry of Health (MOH). Of all confirmed cases, 95.28% showed one or more symptoms associated with COVID-19. 5.48% of these were hospitalized and 1.11% died. Predictors of mortality and hospitalization, respectively, included age (OR; 1.088 and 1.03), being male (OR; 1.443 and 1.138), nationality (OR; 2.11 and 1.993), presence of symptoms (OR; 1.816 and 4.386), and the health care sector in which patients received treatment (MOH OR; 1.352 and 4.731). Conclusion: We found that COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality was higher among males, older adults, and patients showing one or more symptoms, and mortality likelihood was more than fourfold for patients treated by the MOH. Immigrants were also more likely to be hospitalized or die from COVID-19 infection compared to Saudi nationals. Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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