Neurobiology of Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review.
| Autor: | Luvsannyam E; Surgery, Avalon University, School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW.; Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA., Jain MS; Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, USA., Pormento MKL; Medicine, Ateneo de Manila School of Medicine and Public Health, Quezon City, PHL., Siddiqui H; Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, KNA., Balagtas ARA; General Medicine, Global Health Medical Center, Canlubang, PHL., Emuze BO; Emergency Medicine, St. James School of Medicine, Fort Worth, USA., Poprawski T; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, St. James Medical School, Oakbrook, USA. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Cureus [Cureus] 2022 Apr 08; Vol. 14 (4), pp. e23959. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 08 (Print Publication: 2022). |
| DOI: | 10.7759/cureus.23959 |
| Abstrakt: | Schizophrenia is a debilitating disease that presents with both positive and negative symptoms affecting cognition and emotions. Extensive studies have analyzed the different factors that contribute to the disorder. There is evidence of significant genetic etiology involving multiple genes such as dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1). There is no clear link between neurotransmitter changes and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; however, studies have shown that subcortical dopamine dysfunction is the key mechanism. Specific regions of gray and white matter changes are observed in patients with schizophrenia; gray matter changes being more significant after the onset of psychosis. These pathological changes may be implicated in the impairment of executive functioning, attention, and working memory. The disease can be managed with pharmacological treatments based on individual patient profile, patient compliance, and disease severity. The challenge of disease management sometimes persists due to the side effects. A better understanding of the pathological processes in schizophrenia may lead to more specific and effective therapies. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright © 2022, Luvsannyam et al.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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