MicroRNAs in oligodendrocyte development and remyelination.

Autor: Ngo C; Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Kothary R; Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of neurochemistry [J Neurochem] 2022 Aug; Vol. 162 (4), pp. 310-321. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 10.
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15618
Abstrakt: Oligodendrocytes are the glial cells responsible for the formation of myelin around axons of the central nervous system (CNS). Myelin is an insulating layer that allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along neurons. If myelin is damaged, as in chronic demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), these impulses slow down. Remyelination by oligodendrocytes is often ineffective in MS, in part because of the failure of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to differentiate into mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. The process of oligodendrocyte differentiation is tightly controlled by several regulatory networks involving transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways, and extrinsic cues. Understanding the factors that regulate oligodendrocyte development is essential for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies capable of enhancing remyelination. Over the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of oligodendrocyte development, exerting effects on cell specification, proliferation, differentiation, and myelination. This article will review the role of miRNAs on oligodendrocyte biology and discuss their potential as promising therapeutic tools for remyelination.
(© 2022 International Society for Neurochemistry.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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