Physiological and agronomical evaluation of elite rice varieties for adaptation to heat stress.

Autor: Ezin V; Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. ishola.vincent@yahoo.com., Ahanchede WW; Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin., Ayenan MAT; West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.; World Vegetable Center, West and Central Africa-Coastal and Humid Regions, IITA-Benin Campus, Cotonou, Benin., Ahanchede A; Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC plant biology [BMC Plant Biol] 2022 May 10; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 236. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 10.
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03604-x
Abstrakt: Background: The increasing temperatures due to climate change around the world poses a serious threat to sustainable crop production. The growing adverse effects of heat stress are putting global food security at great risk. Crop improvement for adaptation to increased temperatures is therefore of paramount importance. This study aims at assessing the effects of heat stress in relation to agro-morphological and physiological traits of six rice varieties. The study was carried out in the Township of Glazoué, a rice-growing area in Benin. The experiments were laid in randomized complete block design with three replications. Two types of stress were imposed: high-temperature stress in the dry season and optimal temperatures in the rainy season. The calculated mean values of morphological, physiological, and agronomic traits were used to estimate heritability, genetic advance, PCA, and correlation.
Results: The results showed that heat stress had a significant (p ≤ 0.01) influence on plant height, leaf length, number of tillers, number of internodes, days to flowering, and days to maturity, 1000-seed weight, and yield per plant. The heat stress had significantly delayed the flowering of all the varieties when compared to the controls. The highest values of 1000-seed weight (34. 67 g) were recorded for BRIZ-8B while the lowest (25.33 g) were recorded for NERICA-L20. The highest values for the genotypic coefficient of variation (43.05%) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (99.13%) were recorded for yield per plant under heat stress. The topmost broad-sense heritability was recorded for grain width (92.72%), followed by days to maturity (69.33%), days to flowering (68.50%), number of grains per panicle (57.35%), and yield (54.55%).
Conclusions: These results showed that BRIZ-8B and BRIZ-10B were the most tolerant to high temperature amongst the six varieties assessed and potentially could be recommended to farmers for production under high temperature and be used in breeding programs to improve heat tolerance in rice.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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