Interobserver Variability in CT-based Morphologic Tumor Response Assessment of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Autor:	Wesdorp NJ; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Kemna R; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Bolhuis K; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., van Waesberghe JHTM; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Nota IMGC; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Struik F; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Oulad Abdennabi I; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Phoa SSKS; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., van Dieren S; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., van Amerongen MJ; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Chapelle T; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Dejong CHC; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Engelbrecht MRW; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Gerhards MF; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Grünhagen D; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., van Gulik TM; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Hermans JJ; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., de Jong KP; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Klaase JM; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Liem MSL; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., van Lienden KP; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Molenaar IQ; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Patijn GA; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Rijken AM; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Ruers TM; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Verhoef C; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., de Wilt JHW; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Swijnenburg RJ; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Punt CJA; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Huiskens J; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Stoker J; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.)., Kazemier G; From the Department of Surgery (N.J.W., R.K., G.K.) and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.H.T.M.v.W., I.M.G.C.N., F.S., I.O.A., S.S.K.S.P., M.R.W.E., J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology (K.B., C.J.A.P.) and Department of Surgery (S.v.D., T.M.v.G., R.J.S.), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.v.A., J.J.H.); Department of Hepatobiliary, Transplantation, and Endocrine Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium (T.C.); Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany (C.H.C.D.); Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.F.G.); Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (D.G., C.V.); Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (K.P.d.J., J.M.K.); Department of Surgery, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (M.S.L.L.); Department of Interventional Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (K.P.v.L.); Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (I.Q.M.); Department of Surgery, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (G.A.P.); Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (A.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.M.R.); Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.H.W.d.W.); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.J.A.P.); and Department of Health, SAS Institute, Huizen, the Netherlands (J.H.).
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Radiology. Imaging cancer [Radiol Imaging Cancer] 2022 May; Vol. 4 (3), pp. e210105.
DOI:	10.1148/rycan.210105
Abstrakt:	Purpose To evaluate interobserver variability in the morphologic tumor response assessment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) managed with systemic therapy and to assess the relation of morphologic response with gene mutation status, targeted therapy, and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 measurements. Materials and Methods Participants with initially unresectable CRLM receiving different systemic therapy regimens from the randomized, controlled CAIRO5 trial (NCT02162563) were included in this prospective imaging study. Three radiologists independently assessed morphologic tumor response on baseline and first follow-up CT scans according to previously published criteria. Two additional radiologists evaluated disagreement cases. Interobserver agreement was calculated by using Fleiss κ. On the basis of the majority of individual radiologic assessments, the final morphologic tumor response was determined. Finally, the relation of morphologic tumor response and clinical prognostic parameters was assessed. Results In total, 153 participants (median age, 63 years [IQR, 56-71]; 101 men) with 306 CT scans comprising 2192 CRLM were included. Morphologic assessment performed by the three radiologists yielded 86 (56%) agreement cases and 67 (44%) disagreement cases (including four major disagreement cases). Overall interobserver agreement between the panel radiologists on morphology groups and morphologic response categories was moderate (κ = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.58 and κ = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.60). Optimal morphologic response was particularly observed in patients treated with bevacizumab ( P = .001) and in patients with RAS/BRAF mutation ( P = .04). No evidence of a relationship between RECIST 1.1 and morphologic response was found ( P = .61). Conclusion Morphologic tumor response assessment following systemic therapy in participants with CRLM demonstrated considerable interobserver variability. Keywords: Tumor Response, Observer Performance, CT, Liver, Metastases, Oncology, Abdomen/Gastrointestinal Clinical trial registration no. NCT02162563 Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2022.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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