Immune escape mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in cancer: the cancer-immunity cycle.
| Autor: | Starzer AM; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Preusser M; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Berghoff AS; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Therapeutic advances in medical oncology [Ther Adv Med Oncol] 2022 Apr 30; Vol. 14, pp. 17588359221096219. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 30 (Print Publication: 2022). |
| DOI: | 10.1177/17588359221096219 |
| Abstrakt: | The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has changed the therapeutic possibilities for various cancer types. However, despite the success in some entities, a significant fraction of patients does not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. A functioning cancer-immunity cycle is needed as the precondition for a clinically meaningful response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. It is assumed that only if each step of the cycle is activated and functioning properly, immune checkpoint inhibitors induce a meaningful immune response. However, an activated cancer-immunity cycle might not be present equally in each patient and cancer type. Ideally, treatment concepts should consider each single step of the cancer-immunity cycle and provide personalized treatment approaches, allowing the adaption to functioning and malfunctioning steps of the individual patient's specific cancer-immunity cycle. In the following review, we provide an overview of the single steps of the cancer-immunity cycle as well as the impact of malfunctioning steps on the generation of an effective tumor-specific immune response. Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: The authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: AMS has received lecture honoraria from Astra Zeneca and travel support from PharmaMar. MP has received honoraria for lectures, consultation or advisory board participation from the following for-profit companies: Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Gerson Lehrman Group (GLG), CMC Contrast, GlaxoSmithKline, Mundipharma, Roche, BMJ Journals, MedMedia, Astra Zeneca, AbbVie, Lilly, Medahead, Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi, Merck Sharp & Dome, and Tocagen. The following for-profit companies have supported clinical trials and contracted research conducted by MP with payments made to his institution: Böhringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Daiichi Sankyo, Merck Sharp & Dome, Novocure, GlaxoSmithKline, and AbbVie. ASB has research support from Daiichi Sankyo and Roche, honoraria for lectures, consultation, or advisory board participation from Roche Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo, as well as travel support from Roche, Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, and AbbVie. (© The Author(s), 2022.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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