The Role of Lipids in Allergic Sensitization: A Systematic Review.

Autor:	Hopkins GV; School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom., Cochrane S; SEAC, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom., Onion D; School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom., Fairclough LC; School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in molecular biosciences [Front Mol Biosci] 2022 Apr 14; Vol. 9, pp. 832330. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 14 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fmolb.2022.832330
Abstrakt:	Background: Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergies are increasing in prevalence, with IgE-mediated food allergies currently affecting up to 10% of children and 6% of adults worldwide. The mechanisms underpinning the first phase of IgE-mediated allergy, allergic sensitization, are still not clear. Recently, the potential involvement of lipids in allergic sensitization has been proposed, with reports that they can bind allergenic proteins and act on immune cells to skew to a T helper type 2 (Th2) response. Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to determine if there is strong evidence for the role of lipids in allergic sensitization. Methods: Nineteen studies were reviewed, ten of which were relevant to lipids in allergic sensitization to food allergens, nine relevant to lipids in aeroallergen sensitization. Results: The results provide strong evidence for the role of lipids in allergies. Intrinsic lipids from allergen sources can interact with allergenic proteins to predominantly enhance but also inhibit allergic sensitization through various mechanisms. Proposed mechanisms included reducing the gastrointestinal degradation of allergenic proteins by altering protein structure, reducing dendritic cell (DC) uptake of allergenic proteins to reduce immune tolerance, regulating Th2 cytokines, activating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells through CD1d presentation, and directly acting upon toll-like receptors (TLRs), epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and DCs. Conclusion: The current literature suggests intrinsic lipids are key influencers of allergic sensitization. Further research utilising human relevant in vitro models and clinical studies are needed to give a reliable account of the role of lipids in allergic sensitization. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Hopkins, Cochrane, Onion and Fairclough.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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