Molecular Imaging of Aortic Aneurysm and Its Translational Power for Clinical Risk Assessment.

Autor: Rastogi V; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., Stefens SJM; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., Houwaart J; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., Verhagen HJM; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., de Bruin JL; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., van der Pluijm I; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., Essers J; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Frontiers in medicine [Front Med (Lausanne)] 2022 Apr 15; Vol. 9, pp. 814123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 15 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.814123
Abstrakt: Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are dilations of the aorta, that are often fatal upon rupture. Diagnostic radiological techniques such as ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are currently used in clinical practice for early diagnosis as well as clinical follow-up for preemptive surgery of AA and prevention of rupture. However, the contemporary imaging-based risk prediction of aneurysm enlargement or life-threatening aneurysm-rupture remains limited as these are restricted to visual parameters which fail to provide a personalized risk assessment. Therefore, new insights into early diagnostic approaches to detect AA and therefore to prevent aneurysm-rupture are crucial. Multiple new techniques are developed to obtain a more accurate understanding of the biological processes and pathological alterations at a (micro)structural and molecular level of aortic degeneration. Advanced anatomical imaging combined with molecular imaging, such as molecular MRI, or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT provides novel diagnostic approaches for in vivo visualization of targeted biomarkers. This will aid in the understanding of aortic aneurysm disease pathogenesis and insight into the pathways involved, and will thus facilitate early diagnostic analysis of aneurysmal disease. In this study, we reviewed these molecular imaging modalities and their association with aneurysm growth and/or rupture risk and their limitations. Furthermore, we outline recent pre-clinical and clinical developments in molecular imaging of AA and provide future perspectives based on the advancements made within the field. Within the vastness of pre-clinical markers that have been studied in mice, molecular imaging targets such as elastin/collagen, albumin, matrix metalloproteinases and immune cells demonstrate promising results regarding rupture risk assessment within the pre-clinical setting. Subsequently, these markers hold potential as a future diagnosticum of clinical AA assessment. However currently, clinical translation of molecular imaging is still at the onset. Future human trials are required to assess the effectivity of potentially viable molecular markers with various imaging modalities for clinical rupture risk assessment.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2022 Rastogi, Stefens, Houwaart, Verhagen, de Bruin, van der Pluijm and Essers.)
Databáze: MEDLINE