Africanized honeybee population (Apis mellifera L.) in Nicaragua: Forewing length and mitotype lineages.

Autor: Düttmann C; Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua., Flores B; Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua., Sheleby-Elías J; Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua., Castillo G; Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua., Rodriguez D; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Agraria de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba., Maggi M; Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-UNMdP; Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata-CONICET; Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata, Argentina.; Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina., Demedio J; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Agraria de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2022 Apr 25; Vol. 17 (4), pp. e0267600. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 25 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267600
Abstrakt: Various subspecies of Apis mellifera L. were introduced to Central America since colonization 500 years ago. Hybridization increased with the entrance of the Africanized bee in Nicaragua in 1984. Rustic beekeeping activities and numerous feral swarms define the genetic pattern, reflected in phenotypic heterogeneity and remarkable differences in the behaviour of the bee colonies, especially the nest defence. Due to these facts, the question emerge about the degree of Africanization of honeybee colonies in Nicaragua. In this study, we identified Africanized honeybee colonies based on the single character "mean forewing length" and we corroborated our results by determining mitotypes using mtDNA analysis. Morphometric and genetic approaches were realized in three different geographical zones of Nicaragua and related to beehive characteristics and management. Worker bee samples were taken from the inside of 146 hives from 26 apiaries. Abdominal colour as phenotypic character was the first examination, followed by measurement of 1460 right forewings to determine corresponding probability of Africanization. More than 60% of the beehives showed phenotypic heterogeneity and mean forewing length of 8.74 mm (SD 0.16 mm) indicated a high degree of Africanization. Those results provided a selection of 96 worker bees to perform PCR of two worker bees per hive. For mitochondrial DNA analysis 14 samples from sentinel apiaries were added. Three from 61 beehives presented bees with different mtDNA. Throughout, three mitotypes of the African (A) lineage were detected; one mitotype is still unidentified. Mitotype A1 A. mellifera iberiensis was represented by 88 bees and mitotype A4 A. mellifera scutellata by 21 bees. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the PCR findings. No associations were found between mitotypes, forewing length, beehive characteristics and management. A high degree of Africanization in A. mellifera colonies represented by two predominating mitotypes from the A lineage, prevail in Neotropical Nicaragua, with mitotype A4 predominating at higher altitudes.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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