| Autor: |
Aubier TG; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Kokko H; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Proceedings. Biological sciences [Proc Biol Sci] 2022 Apr 27; Vol. 289 (1973), pp. 20220281. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 20. |
| DOI: |
10.1098/rspb.2022.0281 |
| Abstrakt: |
Cooperation does not occur in a vacuum: interactions develop over time in social groups that undergo demographic changes. Intuition suggests that stable social environments favour developing few but strong reciprocal relationships (a 'focused' strategy), while volatile social environments favour the opposite: more but weaker social relationships (a 'diversifying' strategy). We model reciprocal investments under a quality-quantity trade-off for social relationships. We find that volatility, counterintuitively, can favour a focused strategy. This result becomes explicable through applying the theory of antagonistic pleiotropy, originally developed for senescence, to social life. Diversifying strategies show superior performance later in life, but with costs paid at young ages, while the social network is slowly being built. Under volatile environments, many individuals die before reaching sufficiently old ages to reap the benefits. Social strategies that do well early in life are then favoured: a focused strategy leads individuals to form their first few social bonds quickly and to make strong use of existing bonds. Our model highlights the importance of pleiotropy and population age structure for the evolution of cooperative strategies and other social traits, and shows that it is not sufficient to reflect on the fate of survivors only, when evaluating the benefits of social strategies. |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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