Competitive release during fire succession influences ecological turnover in a small mammal community.

Autor: Allen AG; Department of Biology and Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA., Roehrs ZP; School of Math and Sciences, Laramie County Community College, Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA., Seville RS; Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming at Casper, Casper, Wyoming, USA., Lanier HC; Department of Biology and Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ecology [Ecology] 2022 Aug; Vol. 103 (8), pp. e3733. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 23.
DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3733
Abstrakt: Ecologists have long debated the relative importance of biotic interactions versus species-specific habitat preferences in shaping patterns of ecological dominance. In western North America, cycles of fire disturbance are marked by transitions between North American deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus), which predominate after wildfires, and southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi), which gradually replace deermice 3-4 years postfire and maintain dominance as forests mature. While this shift has been frequently documented, the processes that mediate this turnover are debated. One possibility is competitive release, which predicts a reduction in vole competition may contribute to niche expansion and population growth in deermice. Alternatively, turnover in both species may be shaped by differences in their preferred habitat and resource base, as predicted by optimum foraging theory. We evaluate these hypotheses using stable isotopes and spatial mark-recapture of deermouse and vole populations sampled prior to and following a fire as part of a longitudinal study in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Fire disturbance was associated with a 94% decrease in vole abundance but a 102% increase in deermice. Even after accounting for microhabitat, vole and deermouse populations were negatively correlated spatially and temporally (R = -0.45), and competitor abundance was more important prefire than postfire. When vole abundance was high (prefire), vole dietary niche space was seven times broader than that of deermice. Postfire, deermouse dietary niche nearly tripled and was enriched in 13 C (i.e., more C 4 plants), while voles occupied a slightly reduced dietary niche (79% of prefire breadth). Our results suggest deermice are experiencing ecological release due to a reduction in vole competition but vole shifts are largely driven by habitat preferences.
(© 2022 The Ecological Society of America.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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