Nebulization of glutathione and N-Acetylcysteine as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 onset.

Autor:	Lana JFSD; Orthopedics - Sports Medicine - Pain Physician, IOC - Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem/The Bone and Cartilage Institute, 1386 Presidente Kennedy Avenue - 2nd floor, Room #29 - Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba SP, Brazil., Lana AVSD; Medical Student, UniMAX - Centro Universitário Max Planck, 460 Nove de Dezembro Avenue - Jardim Pedroso - Zip code 13343-060, Indaiatuba SP, Brazil., Rodrigues QS; Nurse, IOC - Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem/The Bone and Cartilage Institute, 1386 Presidente Kennedy Avenue - 2nd floor, Room #29 - Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil., Santos GS; Biomedical Scientist, IOC - Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem / The Bone and Cartilage Institute, 1386 Presidente Kennedy Avenue - 2nd floor, Room #29 - Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil., Navani R; Research Student, IOC - Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem / The Bone and Cartilage Institute, 1386 Presidente Kennedy Avenue - 2nd floor, Room #29 - Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil., Navani A; Medical Director, Comprehensive Spine & Sports Center, Advisor, Le Reve Regenerative, Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3425 S Bascom Ave, Suite 200, Campbell, CA 95008, USA., da Fonseca LF; Orthopedics - Sports Medicine - Pain Physician, Orthopaedic Department - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 715 Napoleão de Barros St - Vila Clementino - Zip code 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Azzini GOM; Orthopedics - Sports Medicine - Pain Physician, IOC - Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem / The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Presidente Kennedy Avenue, 1386 - 2nd floor, Room #29 - Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil., Setti T; Orthopedics - Sports Medicine - Pain Physician, Indolor - Centro Intervencionista de Controle da Dor, 583 Sul Brasil Avenue - room #406 - Centro - Zip code 89814-210, Maravilha, SC, Brazil., Mosaner T; Orthopedics - Sports Medicine - Pain Physician, IOC - Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem / The Bone and Cartilage Institute, 1386 Presidente Kennedy Avenue - 2nd floor, Room #29 - Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil., Simplicio CL; Orthopedics - Sports Medicine - Pain Physician, Clinica Ortofisio, Avenida Brasil, 300 - Parque Hotel Araruama, Araruama, RJ, Brazil., Setti TM; Anesthesiology, Indolor - Centro Intervencionista de Controle da Dor, 583 Sul Brasil Avenue - room #406 - Centro - Zip code 89814-210, Maravilha, SC, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Advances in redox research [Adv Redox Res] 2021 Dec; Vol. 3, pp. 100015. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 08.
DOI:	10.1016/j.arres.2021.100015
Abstrakt:	Ever since its emergence, the highly transmissible and debilitating coronavirus disease spread at an incredibly fast rate, causing global devastation in a matter of months. SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, infects hosts after binding to ACE2 receptors present on cells from many structures pertaining to the respiratory, cardiac, hematological, neurological, renal and gastrointestinal systems. COVID-19, however, appears to trigger a severe cytokine storm syndrome in pulmonary structures, resulting in oxidative stress, exacerbated inflammation and alveolar injury. Due to the recent nature of this disease no treatments have shown complete efficacy and safety. More recently, however, researchers have begun to direct some attention towards GSH and NAC. These natural antioxidants play an essential role in several biological processes in the body, especially the maintenance of the redox equilibrium. In fact, many diseases appear to be strongly related to severe oxidative stress and deficiency of endogenous GSH. The high ratios of ROS over GSH, in particular, appear to reflect severity of symptoms and prolonged hospitalization of COVID-19 patients. This imbalance interferes with the body's ability to detoxify the cellular microenvironment, fold proteins, replenish antioxidant levels, maintain healthy immune responses and even modulate apoptotic events. Oral administration of GSH and NAC is convenient and safe, but they are susceptible to degradation in the digestive tract. Considering this drawback, nebulization of GSH and NAC as an adjuvant therapy may therefore be a viable alternative for the management of the early stages of COVID-19. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. (© 2021 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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