Plio-Pleistocene environmental variability in Africa and its implications for mammalian evolution.

Autor:	Cohen AS; Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721., Du A; Department of Anthropology & Geography, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523., Rowan J; Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222., Yost CL; Department of Earth & Environmental Systems, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809., Billingsley AL; Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721., Campisano CJ; School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287., Brown ET; Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812.; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth, MN 55812., Deino AL; 40Ar/39Ar Laboratory, Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA 94709., Feibel CS; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854., Grant K; Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia., Kingston JD; Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109., Lupien RL; Division of Biology and Paleo Environment, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964., Muiruri V; Earth Sciences Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya., Owen RB; Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong., Reed KE; School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287., Russell J; Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912., Stockhecke M; Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2022 Apr 19; Vol. 119 (16), pp. e2107393119. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 11.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2107393119
Abstrakt:	Understanding the climatic drivers of environmental variability (EV) during the Plio-Pleistocene and EV’s influence on mammalian macroevolution are two outstanding foci of research in African paleoclimatology and evolutionary biology. The potential effects of EV are especially relevant for testing the variability selection hypothesis, which predicts a positive relationship between EV and speciation and extinction rates in fossil mammals. Addressing these questions is stymied, however, by 1) a lack of multiple comparable EV records of sufficient temporal resolution and duration, and 2) the incompleteness of the mammalian fossil record. Here, we first compile a composite history of Pan-African EV spanning the Plio-Pleistocene, which allows us to explore which climatic variables influenced EV. We find that EV exhibits 1) a long-term trend of increasing variability since ∼3.7 Ma, coincident with rising variability in global ice volume and sea surface temperatures around Africa, and 2) a 400-ky frequency correlated with seasonal insolation variability. We then estimate speciation and extinction rates for fossil mammals from eastern Africa using a method that accounts for sampling variation. We find no statistically significant relationship between EV and estimated speciation or extinction rates across multiple spatial scales. These findings are inconsistent with the variability selection hypothesis as applied to macroevolutionary processes.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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